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Related Concept Videos

Genomic Imprinting and Inheritance02:30

Genomic Imprinting and Inheritance

Diploid organisms inherit genetic material through chromosomes from both parents. Copies of the same gene are known as alleles. In most cases, both alleles are simultaneously expressed and allow various cellular processes to function optimally. If one of the alleles is missing or mutated, the expression of the other allele can compensate; however, this is not true for all genes.
The expression of some genes depends on which parent passed the gene to the offspring, through a phenomenon known as...
Epigenetic Regulation01:37

Epigenetic Regulation

Epigenetic changes alter the physical structure of the DNA without changing the genetic sequence and often regulate whether genes are turned on or off. This regulation ensures that each cell produces only proteins necessary for its function. For example, proteins that promote bone growth are not produced in muscle cells. Epigenetic mechanisms play an essential role in healthy development. Conversely, precisely regulated epigenetic mechanisms are disrupted in diseases like cancer.
X-chromosome...
Epigenetic Regulation01:46

Epigenetic Regulation

Epigenetic mechanisms play an essential role in healthy development. Conversely, precisely regulated epigenetic mechanisms are disrupted in diseases like cancer.
Epigenetic Regulation01:46

Epigenetic Regulation

Epigenetic mechanisms play an essential role in healthy development. Conversely, precisely regulated epigenetic mechanisms are disrupted in diseases like cancer.
Methods of Nuclear Reprogramming01:24

Methods of Nuclear Reprogramming

Nuclear reprogramming is a process of transforming one cell type into an unrelated cell type by epigenetic changes that alter the cell’s original gene expression pattern. Such epigenetic changes force cells to express a different set of genes, which play a significant role in inducing transformation into other cell types. Nuclear reprogramming offers applications in reproductive cloning for livestock propagation and regenerative medicine — developing patient-specific cells for injury repair.
Gene-Environment Interactions01:20

Gene-Environment Interactions

Gene expression is a dynamic process that is significantly influenced by environmental factors. This interaction underlies the complex nature of biological development and the phenotypic differences observed among individuals, even among those with identical genetic makeups. Factors such as radiation, temperature, behavior, nutrition, and stress play pivotal roles in determining how genes are expressed. The concept of the reaction range is central to understanding this interaction. It posits...

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Optimized Analysis of DNA Methylation and Gene Expression from Small, Anatomically-defined Areas of the Brain
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Epigenetic programming by maternal nutrition: shaping future generations.

Cheryl Chui Ying Li1, Christopher A Maloney, Jennifer E Cropley

  • 1Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Lowy Packer Building, 405 Liverpool Street, Darlinghurst, NSW 2010, Australia.

Epigenomics
|November 30, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Maternal nutrition during pregnancy can impact offspring

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Area of Science:

  • Epigenetics
  • Nutritional science
  • Developmental biology

Background:

  • Increasing prevalence of adult-onset lifestyle diseases (diabetes, hypertension, atherosclerosis) in aging, overweight populations.
  • Evidence suggests suboptimal prenatal nutrition increases offspring's risk for these diseases, with heritable components.
  • Poor in utero nutrition may drive the current obesity cycle.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore epigenetics as a mediator of disease risk influenced by maternal nutrition.
  • To discuss the implications of heritable epigenetic alterations for population health and evolution.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing evidence on maternal nutrition, epigenetics, and chronic disease risk.
  • Discussion of potential epigenetic mechanisms linking prenatal nutrition to offspring health outcomes.

Main Results:

  • Suboptimal prenatal nutrition can lead to heritable epigenetic changes.
  • These epigenetic modifications may alter gene expression, influencing disease susceptibility in offspring.
  • Epigenetic mechanisms are proposed as the molecular basis for nutrition-mediated heritable disease risk.

Conclusions:

  • Maternal nutrition plays a critical role in programming offspring's long-term health via epigenetic pathways.
  • Epigenetic modifications induced by prenatal nutrition can have lasting impacts on health and potentially contribute to adaptive evolution.
  • Understanding these mechanisms is crucial for public health strategies addressing chronic diseases and obesity.