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Related Concept Videos

Genomic Imprinting and Inheritance02:30

Genomic Imprinting and Inheritance

Diploid organisms inherit genetic material through chromosomes from both parents. Copies of the same gene are known as alleles. In most cases, both alleles are simultaneously expressed and allow various cellular processes to function optimally. If one of the alleles is missing or mutated, the expression of the other allele can compensate; however, this is not true for all genes.
The expression of some genes depends on which parent passed the gene to the offspring, through a phenomenon known as...
Gene-Environment Interactions01:20

Gene-Environment Interactions

Gene expression is a dynamic process that is significantly influenced by environmental factors. This interaction underlies the complex nature of biological development and the phenotypic differences observed among individuals, even among those with identical genetic makeups. Factors such as radiation, temperature, behavior, nutrition, and stress play pivotal roles in determining how genes are expressed. The concept of the reaction range is central to understanding this interaction. It posits...
Mutations01:39

Mutations

Overview
Mutations01:35

Mutations

Mutations are changes in the sequence of DNA. These changes can occur spontaneously or they can be induced by exposure to environmental factors. Mutations can be characterized in a number of different ways: whether and how they alter the amino acid sequence of the protein, whether they occur over a small or large area of DNA, and whether they occur in somatic cells or germline cells.
Chromosomal Alterations Are Large-Scale Mutations
While point mutations are changes in a single nucleotide in...
Epigenetic Regulation01:46

Epigenetic Regulation

Epigenetic mechanisms play an essential role in healthy development. Conversely, precisely regulated epigenetic mechanisms are disrupted in diseases like cancer.
Epigenetic Regulation01:37

Epigenetic Regulation

Epigenetic changes alter the physical structure of the DNA without changing the genetic sequence and often regulate whether genes are turned on or off. This regulation ensures that each cell produces only proteins necessary for its function. For example, proteins that promote bone growth are not produced in muscle cells. Epigenetic mechanisms play an essential role in healthy development. Conversely, precisely regulated epigenetic mechanisms are disrupted in diseases like cancer.
X-chromosome...

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Transgenerational genetic effects.

Vicki R Nelson1, Joseph H Nadeau

  • 1Department of Genetics, BRB731, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA.

Epigenomics
|November 30, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Exploring transgenerational genetic effects, this study reveals RNA-mediated epigenetic inheritance across generations. These effects, distinct from conventional genetics, may explain missing heritability in complex traits and diseases.

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Area of Science:

  • Genetics
  • Epigenetics
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Traditional genetic studies focus on genotype-phenotype links within families.
  • Most genetic variants influencing traits and diseases remain undiscovered, contributing to 'missing heritability'.
  • An alternative inheritance model suggests genetic variants can impact subsequent generations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore transgenerational genetic effects as a potential explanation for missing heritability.
  • To investigate the role of RNA in mediating heritable epigenetic changes.
  • To determine the prevalence and mechanisms of transgenerational genetic effects in humans.

Main Methods:

  • Review of recent studies on non-Mendelian inheritance patterns.
  • Analysis of evidence suggesting RNA's role in epigenetic inheritance.
  • Identification of challenges in characterizing transgenerational genetic effects.

Main Results:

  • Transgenerational genetic effects can be as frequent and strong as conventional inheritance.
  • These effects can persist across multiple generations.
  • RNA is implicated as a mediator of these heritable epigenetic changes.

Conclusions:

  • Transgenerational genetic effects offer a new paradigm for understanding inheritance.
  • RNA-mediated epigenetic mechanisms are crucial for these effects.
  • Further research is needed to elucidate the molecular basis and human relevance of transgenerational genetic effects.