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Epigenetic Regulation

Epigenetic Regulation

Epigenetic mechanisms play an essential role in healthy development. Conversely, precisely regulated epigenetic mechanisms are disrupted in diseases like cancer.

Epigenetic Regulation

Epigenetic Regulation

Epigenetic changes alter the physical structure of the DNA without changing the genetic sequence and often regulate whether genes are turned on or off. This regulation ensures that each cell produces only proteins necessary for its function. For example, proteins that promote bone growth are not produced in muscle cells. Epigenetic mechanisms play an essential role in healthy development. Conversely, precisely regulated epigenetic mechanisms are disrupted in diseases like cancer.
X-chromosome...

Epigenetic Regulation

Epigenetic Regulation

Epigenetic mechanisms play an essential role in healthy development. Conversely, precisely regulated epigenetic mechanisms are disrupted in diseases like cancer.

Types of RNA

Types of RNA

Three main types of RNA are involved in protein synthesis: messenger RNA (mRNA), transfer RNA (tRNA), and ribosomal RNA (rRNA). These RNAs perform diverse functions and can be broadly classified as protein-coding or non-coding RNA. Non-coding RNAs play important roles in regulating gene expression in response to developmental and environmental changes. Non-coding RNAs in prokaryotes can be manipulated to develop more effective antibacterial drugs for human or animal use.
RNA Performs Diverse...

Types of RNA

Types of RNA

Overview
Three main types of RNA are involved in protein synthesis: messenger RNA (mRNA), transfer RNA (tRNA), and ribosomal RNA (rRNA). These RNAs perform diverse functions and can be broadly classified as protein-coding or non-coding RNA. Non-coding RNAs play important roles in the regulation of gene expression in response to developmental and environmental changes. Non-coding RNAs in prokaryotes can be manipulated to develop more effective antibacterial drugs for human or animal use.
RNA...

siRNA - Small Interfering RNAs

siRNA - Small Interfering RNAs

Small interfering RNAs, or siRNAs, are short regulatory RNA molecules that can silence genes post-transcriptionally, as well as the transcriptional level in some cases. siRNAs are important for protecting cells against viral infections and silencing transposable genetic elements.
In the cytoplasm, siRNA is processed from a double-stranded RNA, which comes from either endogenous DNA transcription or exogenous sources like a virus. This double-stranded RNA is then cleaved by the ATP-dependent...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 27, 2026

Cell Based Assays of SINEUP Non-coding RNAs That Can Specifically Enhance mRNA Translation

Cell Based Assays of SINEUP Non-coding RNAs That Can Specifically Enhance mRNA Translation

Published on: February 1, 2019

Antisense RNAs and epigenetic regulation.

Isabelle Cui¹, Hengmi Cui

¹University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, USA.

|November 30, 2011

Summary

Antisense RNAs regulate genes at both post-transcriptional and transcriptional levels, influencing epigenetic changes. Aberrant antisense RNAs can silence tumor suppressor genes, leading to diseases.

Area of Science:

Molecular Biology
Epigenetics
Genomics

Background:

Antisense RNA, the first identified noncoding RNA with regulatory function, plays a crucial role in gene expression.
Its functions extend beyond post-transcriptional regulation to transcriptional regulation, impacting DNA methylation and histone modifications.
Natural antisense transcripts are prevalent in eukaryotes, involved in processes like X-chromosome inactivation and imprinted gene silencing.

Purpose of the Study:

To review the multifaceted roles of antisense RNA in gene regulation.
To highlight the involvement of aberrant antisense RNAs in disease pathogenesis, particularly cancer.
To identify current knowledge gaps and future research directions in antisense RNA biology.

Main Methods:

Literature review of studies on antisense RNA function and regulation.

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Published on: September 21, 2017

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Last Updated: May 27, 2026

Cell Based Assays of SINEUP Non-coding RNAs That Can Specifically Enhance mRNA Translation

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Published on: February 1, 2019

Sequence-specific and Selective Recognition of Double-stranded RNAs over Single-stranded RNAs by Chemically Modified Peptide Nucleic Acids

Sequence-specific and Selective Recognition of Double-stranded RNAs over Single-stranded RNAs by Chemically Modified Peptide Nucleic Acids

Published on: September 21, 2017

Analysis of genome-wide natural antisense transcript data in various organisms.

Examination of epigenetic mechanisms influenced by antisense RNAs.

Main Results:

Antisense RNAs are key regulators of gene expression at both transcriptional and post-transcriptional levels.
Aberrant antisense RNA expression is linked to epigenetic silencing of tumor suppressor genes in cancer.
Dysregulation of antisense RNAs can lead to various human diseases.

Conclusions:

Antisense RNA-mediated gene regulation is a fundamental biological process with significant implications for health and disease.
Further research is needed to elucidate the precise mechanisms of antisense RNA production, gene regulation, and disease induction.
Understanding these mechanisms holds potential for novel therapeutic strategies targeting aberrant gene expression.