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Commentary: Surgery for nonambulatory patients with epidural spinal metastasis: is it evidence based and cost

Frank J Tomecek1

  • 1Oklahoma Spine and Brain Institute, 6802 S. Olympia Ave., Suite 300, Tulsa, OK 74132, USA.

The Spine Journal : Official Journal of the North American Spine Society
|November 30, 2011
PubMed

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Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Epidural Anesthesia01:29

Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Epidural Anesthesia

Epidural anesthetics are administered in the fat-filled epidural space, the outermost part of the spinal canal. This technique is commonly employed for pain management and anesthesia during lower abdomen and pelvis surgeries or labor and delivery.
Since epidural anesthetics can be infused through an epidural catheter, all types of drugs, including short-acting ones, can be administered. Chloroprocaine and lidocaine are examples of short and long-duration anesthetics, respectively. Bupivacaine...