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Related Concept Videos

Role of Skin in Vitamin D Synthesis01:23

Role of Skin in Vitamin D Synthesis

The skin plays a crucial role in the synthesis of vitamin D, a vital nutrient for various physiological processes in the body. Vitamin D is unique because it can be synthesized in the skin through a series of chemical reactions triggered by exposure to ultraviolet B (UVB) radiation from sunlight.
The solar UV B rays (290-315 nm) are absorbed by the skin, and 7-dehydrocholesterol (provitamin D3) photolyzes it to previtamin D3, which undergoes a rapid transformation to vitamin D3(cholecalciferol).
Role of Vitamins in Maintaining Bone Health01:25

Role of Vitamins in Maintaining Bone Health

The growth and maintenance of bone are regulated by a combination of nutritional factors, including vitamins, such as vitamin A, B12, C, D, and K.
Vitamin A
Vitamin A is involved in the process of bone remodeling. Retinoic acid, the active metabolite of Vitamin A, has nuclear receptors in osteoblasts and osteoclasts, which are involved in bone remodeling.
Vitamin B12
Vitamin B12 acts as a cofactor during the formation of osteoblast-related proteins, such as osteocalcin. Vitamin B12 plays a role...
Vitamins01:30

Vitamins

Vitamins, derived from the Latin word for life, are essential organic substances required in small quantities for optimal growth and overall well-being. Unlike other organic nutrients, vitamins don't act as sources of energy or building materials but rather facilitate these nutrients' utilization by the body. Vitamins are predominantly coenzymes, assisting enzymes in specific chemical actions, like the oxidation of glucose for energy involving B vitamins. Most vitamins are not produced in our...
Connective Tissue Cell Types01:22

Connective Tissue Cell Types

Connective tissue develops from the mesoderm of a developing embryo and consists of cells, fibers, and ground substance: a gel-like material containing large complexes of carbohydrates and proteins. Connective tissue was first identified as a separate tissue family in the 18th century, and Johannes Peter Muller coined the term connective tissue.
Fat cells (adipocytes), smooth muscle cells (myoblasts), and bone cells (osteoblasts) are some connective tissue cell types. Some immune system cells...
Essential Minerals for Bone Health01:31

Essential Minerals for Bone Health

The minerals contained in all of the food we consume are essential for our organ systems. However, certain essential minerals, such as calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, manganese, and fluoride, largely affect bone health.
Calcium and Phosphorus
Calcium is a critical component of bones, especially in the form of calcium phosphate and calcium carbonate. Since the body cannot make calcium, it must be obtained from the diet. However, calcium cannot be absorbed from the small intestine without...
Chronic Kidney Disease III: Interprofessional Care01:28

Chronic Kidney Disease III: Interprofessional Care

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) requires collaborative and comprehensive management. CKD progresses through stages and can lead to end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) if untreated. Interprofessional collaboration and patient education are crucial, enabling patients to manage their health and improve their quality of life.Diagnostic approach for chronic kidney diseaseThe diagnosis of CKD primarily focuses on the glomerular filtration rate (GFR), which assesses kidney function by measuring how well...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 27, 2026

A Method of Trigonometric Modelling of Seasonal Variation Demonstrated with Multiple Sclerosis Relapse Data
10:46

A Method of Trigonometric Modelling of Seasonal Variation Demonstrated with Multiple Sclerosis Relapse Data

Published on: December 9, 2015

Vitamin D recommendations: beyond deficiency.

Hans K Biesalski1

  • 1Department of Biological Chemistry and Nutrition, Food Security Center, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany. biesal@uni-hohenheim.de

Annals of Nutrition & Metabolism
|November 30, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Vitamin D is crucial for bone health and immunity, with low levels potentially impacting non-bone functions. Ensuring adequate intake of vitamins D and A is recommended for preventing infections.

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 27, 2026

A Method of Trigonometric Modelling of Seasonal Variation Demonstrated with Multiple Sclerosis Relapse Data
10:46

A Method of Trigonometric Modelling of Seasonal Variation Demonstrated with Multiple Sclerosis Relapse Data

Published on: December 9, 2015

Area of Science:

  • Nutritional Science
  • Immunology
  • Endocrinology

Background:

  • Vitamin D is essential for bone growth and innate immune function, including mucosal barrier integrity.
  • Maternal vitamin D sufficiency protects infants from infectious diseases.
  • Severe vitamin D deficiency (rickets) is clinically recognized, but subclinical effects require further elucidation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the role of vitamin D beyond bone health, particularly in immune function.
  • To identify plasma 25(OH)D levels indicative of subclinical vitamin D insufficiency.
  • To investigate the synergistic effects of vitamins D and A on health outcomes.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of clinical and observational data to assess vitamin D status.
  • Evaluation of plasma 25(OH)D levels as a marker for deficiency.
  • Review of studies examining the combined effects of vitamin D and vitamin A.

Main Results:

  • Plasma 25(OH)D levels below 50 nmol/l may indicate insufficiency for non-bone-related vitamin D functions.
  • Subclinical vitamin D deficiency signs and symptoms warrant further investigation.
  • Combined vitamin D and A intake, as seen in cod liver oil, showed benefits in preventing respiratory infections.

Conclusions:

  • Maintaining adequate vitamin D levels is important for both bone and immune health.
  • Plasma 25(OH)D levels can serve as a marker for subclinical deficiency.
  • Co-administration of adequate vitamin D and A is recommended for optimal health, particularly for preventing respiratory infections.