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Related Concept Videos

Inflammatory Bowel Disease I: Introduction01:26

Inflammatory Bowel Disease I: Introduction

Inflammatory bowel disease is a group of chronic disorders marked by recurrent inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract due to an abnormal immune response against gut microflora. This leads to tissue damage. The two main forms are Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis.Crohn’s DiseaseCrohn’s disease is a relapsing inflammatory disorder that can affect any part of the GI tract, from the mouth to the anus. It involves all layers of the bowel wall (transmural) and shows “skip lesions” in which...
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Drugs for Treatment of Constipation-Predominant IBS

Pharmacological therapies for IBS-C are designed to alleviate abdominal discomfort and enhance bowel function. In patients with IBS-C, fiber supplements may help soften stools and decrease straining, but may also lead to increased gas production and bloating. Osmotic laxatives like milk of magnesia are frequently used to soften stools and increase stool frequency in IBS-C patients. In addition, two drugs approved for use in severe IBS-C adult cases are linaclotide (Linzess) and lubiprostone...
Inflammatory Bowel Disease I: Ulcerative Colitis01:27

Inflammatory Bowel Disease I: Ulcerative Colitis

Introduction
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Risk Factors
The exact cause of IBD remains unclear, although it is believed to be due to a mix of genetic, environmental, microbial, and immune factors. Genetic factors are significant in determining susceptibility to IBD, with family history being a critical risk factor. Individuals with a first-degree relative who has IBD are at...
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Drugs Affecting GI Tract Motility: Other Laxatives

Laxatives are primarily used to alleviate constipation, a common gastrointestinal disorder characterized by infrequent bowel movements and difficulty passing stools. They work by various mechanisms to increase the volume or frequency of bowel movements. The primary modes of action of laxatives include increasing stool bulk, softening the stool, stimulating intestinal motility, and osmotically drawing water into the intestines.
Osmotic or saline laxatives, like magnesium hydroxide or milk of...
Diverticular Disease of the Colon01:27

Diverticular Disease of the Colon

Diverticular disease involves the formation of diverticula—small sac-like outpouchings of the colonic wall—and their complications. It most commonly affects the sigmoid colon due to higher intraluminal pressure and structural vulnerability. It results from structural weakness and increased pressure in the colon, producing pseudodiverticula that may remain silent or progress to inflammation and serious complications.Structure of DiverticulaIn diverticulosis, these outpouchings are...
Inflammatory Bowel Disease II: Ulcerative Colitis01:20

Inflammatory Bowel Disease II: Ulcerative Colitis

Ulcerative colitis is a chronic inflammatory disorder of the colon characterized by continuous mucosal inflammation that typically begins in the rectum and extends proximally in a uniform pattern. Its pathogenesis involves a complex interplay of genetic predisposition, immune dysregulation, and environmental influences. These factors converge to impair the colon’s epithelial defenses and promote an exaggerated inflammatory response against luminal contents.Breakdown of the Mucosal BarrierA...

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Fecal Microbiota Transplantation via Colonoscopy for Recurrent C. difficile Infection
07:06

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Published on: December 8, 2014

Miscellaneous colitides.

Darrell S Pardi1

  • 1Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Inflammatory Bowel Disease Clinic, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota, USA. Pardi.darrell@mayo.edu

Current Opinion in Gastroenterology
|November 30, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Inflammation of the colon, including microscopic colitis, can cause diarrhea and abdominal pain. Diagnosis relies on clinical features and colonic biopsies for appropriate treatment.

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Area of Science:

  • Gastroenterology
  • Colorectal Diseases
  • Inflammatory Conditions

Background:

  • Symptomatic colon inflammation presents with distinct epidemiological, clinical, and endoscopic features.
  • Histologic findings are crucial for definitive diagnosis of various colitis types.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent literature on the epidemiology and treatment of colonic inflammatory disorders.
  • To highlight key diagnostic features of distinct colitis conditions.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of recent publications on colitis.
  • Analysis of epidemiological data, clinical presentations, and endoscopic findings.
  • Emphasis on the role of histologic examination of colonic mucosal biopsies.

Main Results:

  • Recent literature enhances understanding of colitis epidemiology and treatment strategies.
  • Distinct clinical and endoscopic features aid in differentiating colitis types.
  • Histopathology is often definitive for diagnosis.

Conclusions:

  • Microscopic colitis, ischemic colitis, eosinophilic colitis, and drug-induced colitis are key causes of colonic inflammation, diarrhea, and abdominal pain.
  • Accurate diagnosis is achieved through careful evaluation of clinical features and colonic mucosal biopsies.
  • Appropriate therapy is guided by correct diagnosis.