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Related Concept Videos

Antigens Involved in Adaptive Immunity01:26

Antigens Involved in Adaptive Immunity

An antigen is any substance the immune system identifies as foreign and potentially harmful to the body, prompting an immune response. Antigens have two functional properties: immunogenicity and reactivity. Immunogenicity is the ability of an antigen to stimulate a specific immune response. At the same time, reactivity describes the antigen's ability to react with the cells and antibodies produced in response to it.
Complete Antigens
Complete antigens possess both immunogenicity and reactivity.
Vaccinations01:51

Vaccinations

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Cross-reactivity00:42

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Protective antigens against glanders identified by expression library immunization.

Gregory C Whitlock1, Mark D Robida, Barbara M Judy

  • 1Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch Galveston, TX, USA.

Frontiers in Microbiology
|November 30, 2011
PubMed
Summary

Researchers identified novel vaccine candidates against Burkholderia mallei, a dangerous bacterium. Three candidates provided partial protection in mice, offering hope for a new glanders vaccine.

Keywords:
B. malleiBurkholderiaDNA vaccineexpression library immunizationfunctional genomicsgenetic immunizationglanders vaccinesubunit vaccine

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Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Immunology
  • Vaccinology

Background:

  • * Burkholderia species, particularly B. mallei and B. pseudomallei, are Gram-negative bacteria posing significant bioweapon and opportunistic infection risks.
  • * These pathogens are difficult to treat with antibiotics and lack an existing vaccine, necessitating novel prevention strategies.
  • * Increased incidence of infections in immunocompromised and diabetic populations heightens the urgency for effective medical countermeasures.

Purpose of the Study:

  • * To identify potential protective antigens from the B. mallei genome for vaccine development.
  • * To screen for gene-encoded protective antigens using a customized expression library immunization protocol.
  • * To evaluate the efficacy of identified vaccine candidates in a preclinical animal model.

Main Methods:

  • * Genomic-scale functional screening of the B. mallei ATCC23344 strain using expression library immunization.
  • * Customization of the screening protocol to manage the complexity of Burkholderia.
  • * Testing of five selected protein immunogens in a murine model of lethal pulmonary infection.
  • * Analysis of peripheral blood cytokine and chemokine profiles post-immunization.

Main Results:

  • * Identification of 12 new putative vaccine candidates against B. mallei.
  • * Three of the five tested protein immunogens conferred significant partial protection against lethal pulmonary infection in mice.
  • * Immunization with confirmed candidates elicited Interleukin-2 (IL-2) and Interleukin-4 (IL-4), but not Interferon-γ or Tumor Necrosis Factor-α.

Conclusions:

  • * Novel vaccine candidates against B. mallei have been discovered through genomic screening and validated as protein immunogens.
  • * The identified candidates demonstrate potential for developing a safe and effective vaccine against glanders.
  • * Further research into these candidates could lead to a crucial medical countermeasure for B. mallei infections.