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Frequency of ketoacidosis in newly diagnosed type 1 diabetic children

Zahra Razavi1

  • 1Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Besat Hospital, Hamadan Iran.

Oman Medical Journal
|November 30, 2011
PubMed

Insights

Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) occurred in 24% of newly diagnosed type 1 diabetes mellitus patients in Hamadan, Iran. Polydipsia, polyuria, weakness, and abdominal pain were the most common presenting symptoms.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatrics
  • Endocrinology
  • Metabolic Disorders

Background:

  • Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) is a critical complication in children with type 1 diabetes mellitus (TIDM).
  • A significant proportion of TIDM cases are initially diagnosed during DKA.
  • Understanding the regional frequency and presentation of DKA is vital for early detection and management.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine the frequency of DKA at diagnosis in pediatric patients with TIDM in Hamadan, Iran.
  • To describe the clinical presentation and demographic characteristics of these patients.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective review of clinical and laboratory data for 200 patients under 19 years diagnosed with TIDM between 1995-2005.
  • Statistical analysis using SPSS 11 to compare DKA and non-DKA groups.

Main Results:

  • DKA was present in 24% (48/200) of newly diagnosed TIDM patients.
  • Severe DKA (pH ≤ 7.2) was observed in 54.5% of DKA cases.
  • Common symptoms included polydipsia (85.4%), polyuria (83.3%), weakness (68.8%), and abdominal pain (52.1%).
  • No significant differences were found in age, sex, or symptom duration between DKA and non-DKA groups.

Conclusions:

  • The frequency of DKA at TIDM onset in Hamadan was significant, though lower than in other Asian regions.
  • Polydipsia, polyuria, fatigue, and abdominal pain are key indicators for DKA in newly diagnosed pediatric TIDM.
  • Early recognition of these symptoms is crucial for timely intervention.
Abstract

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