HIV infection and bone disease: implications for an aging population

Area of Science:

• Geriatrics
• Infectious Diseases
• Endocrinology

Background:

• Age-related health issues, including bone pathology, are increasingly pertinent for HIV physicians.
• HIV-infected individuals exhibit a higher prevalence of low bone mineral density (BMD) and fractures.
• The multifactorial etiology of low BMD in HIV is increasingly linked to antiretroviral therapy, especially at initiation.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review the epidemiology, pathogenesis, diagnosis, and management of osteoporosis and low BMD in HIV-infected patients.
• To emphasize the specific challenges and considerations related to aging in this population.

Main Methods:

• Literature review focusing on osteoporosis and low bone mineral density in HIV-infected patients.
• Analysis of current evidence regarding the impact of antiretroviral therapy on bone health.
• Synthesis of information on diagnostic criteria and management strategies.

Main Results:

• Low BMD and fractures are significant comorbidities in the aging HIV population.
• Antiretroviral therapy, particularly upon initiation, is implicated in the pathogenesis of low BMD.
• A multifactorial approach is necessary for effective management.

Conclusions:

• Comprehensive management strategies are crucial for addressing osteoporosis and low BMD in aging HIV patients.
• Understanding the interplay between aging, HIV, and antiretroviral therapy is key to optimizing bone health outcomes.
• Further research into targeted interventions is warranted.