Assessing sedation in a pediatric intensive care unit using Comfort Behavioural Scale and Bispectral Index: these...

The aim of this paper was to monitor comfort in pediatric critical ill patients which is necessary to adequate analgesic and sedative therapy. The primary objective of this prospective observational study was to measure the level of sedation in a Pediatric Intensive Care Unit (PICU) of a tertiary care Hospital, using Comfort Behavioural Scale (CBS) and Bispectral Index (BIS), evaluating the agreement between these tools; secondly we analyzed the correlation of an adequate level of sedation and patient's outcome.

We enrolled 46 patients, mechanically ventilated for almost 12 hours, monitored at a basal level and during a stimulus (tracheal suctioning). As outcome variables we analyzed: length of ventilation and PICU stay, duration of sedative therapy and weaning, time between beginning of sedative administration and start of weaning, presence of infection.

Twenty-six percent (doctor CBS score), 34.8% (nurse CBS score) and 73.9% (BIS) of our population were found adequately sedated; none state of undersedation was reported. During the stimulus the percentage of adequately sedated patients according to CBS became 78.2%. CBS level of agreement versus BIS was weak. No significative difference was found between doctor and nurse CBS score. Length of PICU stay and duration of sedative administered were significant shorter in patients adequately sedated at Bispectral Index monitoring; no outcome variable resulted significant looking at CBS score.

Our data support the risk of oversedation in critically ill patients and the difference between CBS and BIS, especially in evaluating light oversedation state. The presence of an excessive level of sedation evaluated by BIS was associated with duration of hospitalization and sedative administration.