Related Experiment Videos
[Efficacy of acellular pertussis vaccine]
T Saito1, T Akamatsu, T Aoyama
1Azabu Nyujiin, Tokyo, Japan.
Insights
Acellular DTP vaccines did not prevent pertussis infection but significantly reduced typical symptoms in children. The vaccine showed 81% efficacy against severe pertussis symptoms.
Area of Science:
- Pediatrics
- Immunology
- Infectious Diseases
Context:
- Pertussis outbreak in a residential facility with 19 children (5-36 months).
- Prospective survey to assess acellular pertussis vaccine efficacy.
- Study involved 9 immunized and 10 unimmunized children.
Purpose:
- To estimate the efficacy of acellular pertussis vaccine during an outbreak.
- To evaluate the vaccine's impact on pertussis infection and symptom development.
Summary:
- Bacteriological and serological surveillance for 2 months.
- No difference in secondary infection rates between vaccinated (7/9) and unvaccinated (7/10) children.
- Significant difference in typical symptom development (1/7 vaccinated vs. 6/7 unvaccinated, p<0.05).
Impact:
- Acellular DTP vaccine demonstrated 81% efficacy against typical pertussis symptoms.
- Findings suggest acellular vaccines may not prevent infection but can mitigate severe clinical manifestations of pertussis.
Abstract:
An outbreak of pertussis occurred in one room of a residential facility where 19 children aged 5 to 36 months were residing. They were prospectively surveyed to estimate the efficacy of acellular pertussis vaccine. Among the 19 residents, 9 were immunized with acellular pertussis vaccine. Among the 19 residents, 9 were immunized with acellular DTP vaccine and 10 were unimmunized. The spread of pertussis was surveyed bacteriologically and serologically for 2 months. Among the 9 immunized, 7 children acquired the laboratory-confirmed pertussis and 1 of the 7 developed the typical symptoms (whooping or paroxysmal coughing attack lasting for 14 days or more). Among the 10 unimmunized, 7 children acquired the laboratory-confirmed pertussis and 6 of the 7 developed the typical symptoms. There was no difference in the rate of secondary infection (7/9:7/10), but there was a significant difference in the rate of development of the typical symptoms (1/7:6/7 p less than 0.05). The point estimate of protective efficacy of the acellular DTP vaccine against typical pertussis was (6/10 - 1/9)/(6/10) x 100 = 81%. It was concluded from these findings that acellular DTP vaccine could not prevent the infection of Bordetella pertussis, but could prevent the development of the typical symptoms.