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X-ray Diffraction of Biological Samples01:10

X-ray Diffraction of Biological Samples

X-ray diffraction or XRD is an analytical tool that utilizes X-rays to study ordered structures such as crystalline organic and inorganic samples, polycrystalline materials, proteins, carbohydrates, and drugs.
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Measurement of X-ray Beam Coherence along Multiple Directions Using 2-D Checkerboard Phase Grating
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X-ray grating interferometer for materials-science imaging at a low-coherent wiggler source.

Julia Herzen1, Tilman Donath, Felix Beckmann

  • 1Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht, 21502 Geesthacht, Germany. julia.herzen@ph.tum.de

The Review of Scientific Instruments
|December 2, 2011
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Summary

A novel X-ray grating interferometer was installed at a low-coherence wiggler source, enabling enhanced phase-contrast imaging for biological and materials science applications. This setup provides high photon flux for detailed imaging of larger objects.

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Area of Science:

  • Physics
  • Materials Science
  • Biomedical Imaging

Background:

  • X-ray phase-contrast imaging enhances contrast for weakly absorbing materials.
  • X-ray grating interferometers previously required highly brilliant synchrotron sources.
  • Advancements allow phase-contrast imaging with conventional X-ray sources.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To report the first installation of a three-grating X-ray interferometer at a low-coherence wiggler source.
  • To demonstrate monochromatic phase-contrast imaging of centimeter-sized objects with high photon flux.
  • To evaluate the performance of the new setup for biological and materials science applications.

Main Methods:

  • Installation of a three-grating X-ray interferometer at the W2 beamline (HARWI II) at DORIS (DESY).
  • Utilized a low-coherence wiggler source with a millimeter-sized source.
  • Performed energy-dependent visibility measurements and compared them to simulations.

Main Results:

  • Successfully operated the grating interferometer at the HARWI II beamline.
  • Achieved monochromatic phase-contrast imaging of centimeter-sized objects.
  • Demonstrated the setup's performance through visibility measurements, aligning with simulations.

Conclusions:

  • The installed X-ray grating interferometer is suitable for high-flux, monochromatic phase-contrast imaging.
  • This modality offers significant potential for biological and materials science research.
  • Future work will expand the operational energy range using adapted gratings.