Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Growth of Cartilage and Bone Tissue01:27

Growth of Cartilage and Bone Tissue

Chondrocytes form a temporary cartilaginous model by dividing and secreting a thick gel-like extracellular matrix. Once the chondrocytes undergo programmed cell death, osteoblasts enter the site of the cartilaginous model. The process of replacing the temporary cartilaginous model with bone in an ordered manner is called endochondral ossification. In endochondral ossification, not all of the cartilage is replaced by bone tissue. Some cartilage that performs a protective and supportive function...
Bone Formation by Endochondral Ossification01:24

Bone Formation by Endochondral Ossification

Bone formation, or ossification, begins around the sixth to seventh week of embryonic development. Most bones develop from a cartilaginous template through the process of endochondral ossification. Cartilage formation begins when clusters of mesenchymal cells differentiate into chondrocytes. These chondrocytes proliferate rapidly and secrete an extracellular matrix that becomes encased in a membrane called the perichondrium. The resulting cartilage model provides a template that resembles the...
Ultrasonography01:17

Ultrasonography

Ultrasonography is an imaging technique that uses high-frequency sound waves to visualize the body's internal structures. It is a non-invasive and safe procedure that does not involve the use of ionizing radiation, making it widely used in various medical fields. Ultrasonography is used to study heart function, blood flow in the neck or extremities, certain conditions such as gallbladder disease, and fetal growth and development.
During an ultrasonography procedure, a handheld device called a...
Development of the Limb Synovial Joints01:07

Development of the Limb Synovial Joints

Joints form during embryonic development in conjunction with the formation and growth of the associated bones. The embryonic tissue that gives rise to all bones, cartilage, and connective tissues of the body is called mesenchyme.
The mesenchymal stem cells differentiate into chondrocytes that form the hyaline cartilage, and later the cartilaginous model of the bone. This model further transforms into a bone. This process is known as endochondral ossification.
During development, the limbs...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Quantitative Assessment of Neurometabolism by Deuterium and Proton NMR Spectroscopy Using [6,6'-<sup>2</sup>H<sub>2</sub>]Glucose.

ACS chemical neuroscience·2026
Same author

Cannabis use and glutamate across the psychosis spectrum: in vivo evidence from 7T proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy.

Molecular psychiatry·2026
Same author

Inter-laboratory optimization for the detection of <i>Campylobacter jejuni</i> in canine fecal samples using <i>gyrA</i> PCR.

Journal of veterinary diagnostic investigation : official publication of the American Association of Veterinary Laboratory Diagnosticians, Inc·2026
Same author

A review of metamaterial and metasurface applications in magnetic resonance imaging.

Magnetic resonance imaging·2026
Same author

Development of Fit-for-Purpose, High Quality Proficiency Samples for Interlaboratory Evaluation of RT-PCR Detection of HPAI H5N1 in Milk.

Food and environmental virology·2026
Same author

An imaging biomarker to detect non-glucogenic shift in brain energy metabolism in Alzheimer's disease.

Journal of translational medicine·2026
Same journal

Automated Diagnosis of Breast Cancer Using Deep Learning Techniques Applied to Digital Mammography and Magnetic Resonance Images.

Topics in magnetic resonance imaging : TMRI·2026
Same journal

Assessment of Brain Tumor Response to Radiotherapy Using Noninvasive Spectroscopic Magnetic Resonance Imaging Techniques.

Topics in magnetic resonance imaging : TMRI·2026
Same journal

Machine Learning-Based Detection of EGFR Mutation and HER2 Overexpression in Metastatic Brain Adenocarcinoma: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Topics in magnetic resonance imaging : TMRI·2025
Same journal

Oxygen Saturation, Heart Rate, and Anxiety Levels Among Claustrophobic and Non-Claustrophobic Patients Undergoing Closed and Open MRI: A Comparative Study.

Topics in magnetic resonance imaging : TMRI·2025
Same journal

Preclinical Investigations Toward Gd-free Molecularly Targeted Dual-Modal, MRI Dynamic (DCE-MRI)/Optical Imaging Contrast Agent for Cardiac Angiosarcoma.

Topics in magnetic resonance imaging : TMRI·2025
Same journal

Understanding the Independent Risk Factors of Anterior Shoulder Dislocation Using MRI.

Topics in magnetic resonance imaging : TMRI·2025
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 27, 2026

Addressing Practical Issues in Atomic Force Microscopy-Based Micro-Indentation on Human Articular Cartilage Explants
08:06

Addressing Practical Issues in Atomic Force Microscopy-Based Micro-Indentation on Human Articular Cartilage Explants

Published on: October 28, 2022

Imaging cartilage physiology.

Arijitt Borthakur1, Ravinder Reddy

  • 1Center for Magnetic Resonance & Optical Imaging, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6100, USA. borthaku@upenn.edu

Topics in Magnetic Resonance Imaging : TMRI
|December 2, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

New magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) techniques can detect early osteoarthritis (OA) changes in cartilage. These advanced MRI tools aid in diagnosing OA and developing new cartilage-repairing therapies.

More Related Videos

Optical Sectioning and Visualization of the Intervertebral Disc from Embryonic Development to Degeneration
06:22

Optical Sectioning and Visualization of the Intervertebral Disc from Embryonic Development to Degeneration

Published on: July 8, 2021

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 27, 2026

Addressing Practical Issues in Atomic Force Microscopy-Based Micro-Indentation on Human Articular Cartilage Explants
08:06

Addressing Practical Issues in Atomic Force Microscopy-Based Micro-Indentation on Human Articular Cartilage Explants

Published on: October 28, 2022

Optical Sectioning and Visualization of the Intervertebral Disc from Embryonic Development to Degeneration
06:22

Optical Sectioning and Visualization of the Intervertebral Disc from Embryonic Development to Degeneration

Published on: July 8, 2021

Area of Science:

  • Biomedical Imaging
  • Orthopedics
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Osteoarthritis (OA) is a prevalent degenerative joint disease causing cartilage breakdown.
  • Current diagnostic methods lack sensitivity for early detection, limiting treatment to pain management or joint replacement.
  • Disease-modifying drugs offer potential for cartilage regeneration, necessitating improved diagnostic tools.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review advanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) techniques for early detection of cartilage degeneration in OA.
  • To highlight MRI biomarkers sensitive to biochemical changes in the cartilage extracellular matrix.
  • To support the development and evaluation of novel OA therapies and improve clinical management.

Main Methods:

  • Review of advanced MRI techniques including T1ρ and T2 relaxometry.
  • Discussion of Magnetization Transfer (MT) and Chemical Exchange Saturation Transfer (CEST) imaging.
  • Inclusion of Sodium (Na) magnetic resonance imaging as a biomarker.

Main Results:

  • These MRI techniques are sensitive to early biochemical alterations in cartilage extracellular matrix.
  • T1ρ, T2 relaxometry, MT, CEST, and Na MRI can serve as biomarkers for OA.
  • The reviewed methods show potential for noninvasive detection of early pathological changes.

Conclusions:

  • Advanced MRI techniques offer improved diagnostic capabilities for early-stage osteoarthritis.
  • These imaging tools are crucial for monitoring disease progression and evaluating disease-modifying OA drugs.
  • Noninvasive detection of early cartilage changes can enhance clinical decision-making and therapeutic development.