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Updated: May 27, 2026

Using Visual and Narrative Methods to Achieve Fair Process in Clinical Care

Using Visual and Narrative Methods to Achieve Fair Process in Clinical Care

Published on: February 16, 2011

System-related interventions to reduce diagnostic errors: a narrative review.

Hardeep Singh¹, Mark L Graber, Stephanie M Kissam

¹Houston VA Health ServicesR&D Center of Excellence, Houston, Texas, USA. hardeeps@bcm.edu

BMJ Quality & Safety

|December 2, 2011

Summary

Few studies have tested interventions to reduce diagnostic errors, despite many suggestions. More rigorous research is needed to improve diagnostic accuracy and patient safety.

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Last Updated: May 27, 2026

Using Visual and Narrative Methods to Achieve Fair Process in Clinical Care

Using Visual and Narrative Methods to Achieve Fair Process in Clinical Care

Published on: February 16, 2011

Area of Science:

Healthcare quality improvement
Patient safety research
Medical error analysis

Background:

Diagnostic errors contribute to preventable morbidity and mortality.
System-related factors are key contributors to diagnostic errors.
Recent literature highlights the need for interventions to address these errors.

Purpose of the Study:

To review the recent literature on interventions addressing system-related factors in diagnostic errors.
To identify tested and suggested interventions for diagnostic error prevention.

Main Methods:

Comprehensive literature search including PubMed, reference lists, additional databases, and expert consultation (2000-2009).
Inclusion of articles formally evaluating interventions or suggesting potential interventions.
Categorization of interventions by diagnostic process step (e.g., patient-provider encounter, test interpretation, follow-up).

Main Results:

43 articles were reviewed; only six reported tested interventions, while 37 offered suggestions.
Empirical studies were limited, often non-experimental with small sample sizes.
Outcome measures were underdeveloped and highly variable across studies.

Conclusions:

Limited empirical evidence exists for interventions to reduce diagnostic errors.
Advancing diagnostic error prevention requires more robust study designs.
Rigorous definitions of diagnostic processes and outcomes are crucial for measuring intervention effectiveness.