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Related Concept Videos

The JAK-STAT Signaling Pathway01:20

The JAK-STAT Signaling Pathway

Several cytokine receptors have tightly bound Janus kinase or JAK proteins attached at their cytosolic tail. Small signaling molecules such as cytokines, growth hormones, or prolactins bind to the cytokine receptors and initiate their dimerization. The dimerization brings the cytosolic JAKs together that trans-phosphorylate and activates each other. The activated JAKs now phosphorylate cytosolic tails of the cytokine receptors, which serve as binding sites for adaptor proteins such as  SH2...
cAMP-dependent Protein Kinase Pathways01:25

cAMP-dependent Protein Kinase Pathways

Cyclic Adenosine Monophosphate (cAMP) is an essential second messenger that activates protein kinase A (PKA) and regulates various biological processes. A single epinephrine molecule binds to GPCR and activates several heterotrimeric G proteins, each stimulating multiple adenylyl cyclase, amplifying the signal, and synthesizing large numbers of cAMP molecules. Small changes in cAMP concentration affect PKA activity. The binding of four cAMP molecules induces a conformational change in PKA,...
Protein Kinases and Phosphatases02:54

Protein Kinases and Phosphatases

Proteins undergo chemical modifications that trigger changes in the charge, structure, and conformation of the proteins. Phosphorylation, acetylation, glycosylation, nitrosylation, ubiquitination, lipidation, methylation, and proteolysis are various protein modifications that regulate protein activity. Such modifications are usually enzyme-driven.
Protein kinases
Many proteins in the cell are regulated by phosphorylation, the addition of a phosphate group. A family of enzymes called kinases...
Protein Kinases and Phosphatases02:54

Protein Kinases and Phosphatases

Proteins undergo chemical modifications that trigger changes in the charge, structure, and conformation of the proteins. Phosphorylation, acetylation, glycosylation, nitrosylation, ubiquitination, lipidation, methylation, and proteolysis are various protein modifications that regulate protein activity. Such modifications are usually enzyme-driven.
Protein kinases
Many proteins in the cell are regulated by phosphorylation, the addition of a phosphate group. A family of enzymes called kinases...
PI3K/mTOR/AKT Signaling Pathway01:22

PI3K/mTOR/AKT Signaling Pathway

The mammalian target of rapamycin  (mTOR) is a serine/threonine kinase that regulates growth, proliferation, and cell survival in response to hormones, growth factors, or nutrient availability. This kinase exists in two structurally and functionally distinct forms: mTOR complex 1  (mTORC1) and mTOR complex 2  (mTORC2). The first form (mTORC1) is composed of a rapamycin-sensitive Raptor and proline-rich Akt substrate, PRAS40. In contrast,  mTORC2 consists of a rapamycin-insensitive companion...
GTPases and their Regulation02:14

GTPases and their Regulation

Guanine nucleotide-binding proteins (G-proteins), also known as GTPases, are a superfamily of proteins that regulate many cellular processes, such as cell signaling, vesicular transport, and the regulation of cell shape and motility. Mutation or dysfunction of these proteins can lead to disease. There are around 40,000 known G-proteins that can broadly be classified into two groups ‒  small G-proteins consisting of a single domain and large multi-domain G-proteins.
Large G-proteins, also known...

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Spatiotemporal Control of Protein Activity through Optogenetic Allosteric Regulation
08:00

Spatiotemporal Control of Protein Activity through Optogenetic Allosteric Regulation

Published on: October 4, 2024

Janus kinase 3: the controller and the controlled.

Wei Wu1, Xiao-Hong Sun

  • 1Immunobiology and Cancer Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, 73104, USA.

Acta Biochimica Et Biophysica Sinica
|December 2, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Janus kinase 3 (JAK3) is vital for lymphoid development and immune function. This review details JAK3

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Janus kinase (JAK)-signal transducer and activators of transcription (STAT) pathways are critical for lymphopoiesis.
  • JAK3 plays a unique and essential role in the lymphoid system, with its absence leading to severe combined immunodeficiency syndrome.
  • The biochemical properties of JAK3 are less understood compared to other JAK family members, often inferred from JAK2 studies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the biochemistry, immunological functions, and clinical significance of Janus kinase 3 (JAK3).
  • To highlight the unique role of JAK3 in lymphoid development and its connection to severe combined immunodeficiency syndrome.
  • To discuss emerging findings on the interplay between Notch and JAK signaling pathways.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review focusing on JAK3 biochemistry, immunology, and clinical relevance.
  • Analysis of existing research on JAK family signaling, particularly JAK3.
  • Examination of studies investigating cross-talk between Notch and JAK signaling pathways.

Main Results:

  • JAK3 is indispensable for normal lymphoid development and immune system function.
  • JAK3 ablation causes severe combined immunodeficiency syndrome-like phenotypes.
  • New insights reveal cross-talk between Notch and JAK pathways via ubiquitin-mediated protein degradation.

Conclusions:

  • JAK3 is a key therapeutic target for immune disorders.
  • Further research into JAK3 biochemistry and its signaling network is warranted.
  • Understanding JAK-STAT and Notch pathway interactions is crucial for advancing immunology and developing novel treatments.