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Updated: May 27, 2026
09:02
Manganese Oxide Nanoparticle Synthesis by Thermal Decomposition of Manganese(II) Acetylacetonate
Published on: June 18, 2020
Manganese in the upper Severn mid-Wales.
A P Rowland1, C Neal, B Reynolds
1Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Lancaster. Lancaster Environment Centre, Library Avenue, Bailrigg, Lancaster LA1 4AP, UK.
Journal of Environmental Monitoring : JEM
|December 2, 2011
Summary
Manganese (Mn) concentrations in the River Severn are influenced by rainfall, vegetation, and geology. Peak Mn levels in streams often follow rain events after dry periods, with forest felling also impacting levels.
Area of Science:
- Environmental Science
- Geochemistry
- Hydrology
Background:
- Manganese (Mn) is a crucial element in aquatic ecosystems, but its sources and transport mechanisms in river systems are complex.
- Understanding Mn dynamics is vital for assessing water quality and ecosystem health in the Plynlimon catchments of the Upper River Severn.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the factors controlling manganese concentrations in rainfall, cloud water, throughfall, stemflow, and stream water.
- To identify the primary sources of manganese within the Plynlimon catchments.
- To analyze the temporal variations and influencing factors of manganese concentrations in the River Severn.
Main Methods:
- Analysis of over 20 years of monitoring data for manganese concentrations.
- Examination of relationships between manganese levels and hydrological factors (rainfall, cloud water, streamflow).
- High-resolution monitoring to capture short-term concentration changes and diurnal patterns.
Main Results:
- Manganese concentrations were low in rainfall and cloud water, but enriched in throughfall and stemflow, suggesting vegetation cycling.
- In-catchment sources, including rock mobilization and vegetation cycling, were the primary drivers of stream and groundwater manganese.
- Stream manganese peaked after rain events, especially following dry spells, and showed increases after spruce plantation felling.
Conclusions:
- Manganese transport in the Upper River Severn is significantly influenced by hydrological events and catchment characteristics.
- Vegetation and geological sources play key roles in regulating manganese levels in stream water.
- Further research using high-resolution monitoring can reveal detailed manganese dynamics in different catchment types.
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