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Photoreceptors and Visual Pathways01:22

Photoreceptors and Visual Pathways

At the molecular level, visual signals trigger transformations in photopigment molecules, resulting in changes in the photoreceptor cell's membrane potential. The photon's energy level is denoted by its wavelength, with each specific wavelength of visible light associated with a distinct color. The spectral range of visible light, classified as electromagnetic radiation, spans from 380 to 720 nm. Electromagnetic radiation wavelengths exceeding 720 nm fall under the infrared category, whereas...
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DefinitionDiabetic retinopathy is a microvascular complication of diabetes affecting the retinal blood vessels.Risk FactorsDiabetic retinopathy is present in almost all individuals with type 1 diabetes and more than 60% of those with type 2 diabetes after two decades of disease.The risk increases with poor glycemic control, hypertension, dyslipidemia, smoking, pregnancy, and puberty.Although cataracts and glaucoma are also more frequent in people with diabetes, retinopathy remains the leading...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 27, 2026

Optical Coherence Tomography: Imaging Mouse Retinal Ganglion Cells In Vivo
08:17

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Published on: September 22, 2017

[Leber's hereditary optic neuropathy].

B Leo-Kottler1, B Wissinger

  • 1Department für Augenheilkunde, Augenklinik, Schleichstr. 12-16, 72076, Tübingen, Deutschland. beate.leo-kottler@med.uni-tuebingen.de

Der Ophthalmologe : Zeitschrift Der Deutschen Ophthalmologischen Gesellschaft
|December 2, 2011
PubMed
Summary

Leber's hereditary optic neuropathy (LHON) causes vision loss by affecting retinal cells. Early diagnosis through genetic analysis and clinical signs is crucial, though some aspects remain unclear.

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Area of Science:

  • Ophthalmology
  • Genetics
  • Neurology

Context:

  • Leber's hereditary optic neuropathy (LHON) is a rare mitochondrial inherited disease.
  • It primarily affects the optic nerve, leading to vision loss.
  • Patients often present with symptoms mimicking optic neuritis.

Purpose:

  • To highlight the diagnostic challenges of LHON.
  • To emphasize the importance of genetic testing and clinical findings in LHON diagnosis.
  • To underscore the need for further research into LHON pathogenesis.

Summary:

  • LHON causes irreversible vision loss due to retinal ganglion cell damage.
  • Misdiagnosis as optic neuritis is common, delaying appropriate treatment.
  • Molecular genetic analysis is key for definitive LHON diagnosis, alongside detailed patient history and fundus examination.

Impact:

  • Improved diagnostic strategies for LHON.
  • Earlier intervention for affected individuals.
  • Enhanced understanding of mitochondrial optic neuropathies.