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Attachment and hikikomori: a psychosocial developmental model
Alexander Krieg1, Jane R Dickie
1Department of Psychology, Hope College, Holland, Michigan 49422–9000, USA.
The International Journal of Social Psychiatry
|December 2, 2011
Summary
Hikikomori, or acute social withdrawal, is linked to early childhood attachment insecurities and later peer rejection. Understanding these developmental factors is key for effective intervention and prevention strategies.
Area of Science:
- Psychology
- Sociology
- Developmental Psychology
Background:
- Hikikomori (acute social withdrawal) is a significant social issue in Japan.
- It profoundly impacts individuals and society.
Purpose of the Study:
- To link attachment theory with hikikomori using a psychosocial developmental model.
- To explore attachment stages throughout developmental years.
Main Methods:
- Surveyed 24 hikikomori sufferers and 60 comparison participants.
- Assessed parent-child relationships, peer relations, temperament, and school experiences.
Main Results:
- Hikikomori participants showed higher ambivalent attachment, parental/peer rejection, and shyness.
- Shy temperament and parental rejection predicted ambivalent attachment.
- Ambivalent attachment, combined with peer rejection, predicted hikikomori.
Conclusions:
- Understanding attachment system dynamics is crucial for comprehending hikikomori.
- Intervention and prevention should address early attachment, peer rejection, and adolescent challenges.
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