Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Interpreting ¹H NMR Signal Splitting: The (n + 1) Rule01:10

Interpreting ¹H NMR Signal Splitting: The (n + 1) Rule

In the AX proton spin system, proton A can sense the two spin states of a coupled proton X, resulting in a doublet NMR signal with two peaks of equal (1:1) intensity. When proton A is coupled to two equivalent protons (AX2 spin system), the spin states of each X can be aligned with or against the external field, creating three possible scenarios. This results in a 1:2:1  triplet signal, where the central peak corresponds to the chemical shift of A and is twice as large or intense as the others.
¹³C NMR: ¹H–¹³C Decoupling01:04

¹³C NMR: ¹H–¹³C Decoupling

The probability of having two carbon-13 atoms next to each other is negligible because of the low natural abundance of carbon-13. Consequently, peak splitting due to carbon-carbon spin-spin coupling is not observed in spectra. However, protons up to three sigma bonds away split the carbon signal according to the n+1 rule, resulting in complicated spectra.
A broadband decoupling technique is used to simplify these complex, sometimes overlapping, signals. Broadband decoupling relies on a...
NMR Spectrometers: Radiofrequency Pulses and Pulse Sequences01:17

NMR Spectrometers: Radiofrequency Pulses and Pulse Sequences

A pulse is a short burst of radio waves distributed over a range of frequencies that simultaneously excites all the nuclei in the sample. Upon passing a radio frequency pulse along the x-axis, the nuclei absorb energy corresponding to their Larmor frequencies and achieve resonance. This shifts the net magnetization vector from the z-axis toward the transverse plane. This angle of rotation of the magnetization vector, or the flip angle, is proportional to the duration and intensity of the pulse.
¹H NMR: Interpreting Distorted and Overlapping Signals01:02

¹H NMR: Interpreting Distorted and Overlapping Signals

Spin systems where the difference in chemical shifts of the coupled nuclei is greater than ten times J are called first-order spin systems. These nuclei are weakly coupled, and their chemical shifts and coupling constant can generally be estimated from the well-separated signals in the spectrum.
As Δν decreases and the signals move closer, the doublets appear increasingly distorted. The intensities of the inner lines increase at the cost of those of the outer lines as the signals are slanted or...
Double Resonance Techniques: Overview01:12

Double Resonance Techniques: Overview

Double resonance techniques in Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectroscopy involve the simultaneous application of two different frequencies or radiofrequency pulses to manipulate and observe two distinct nuclear spins. One important application of double resonance is spin decoupling, which selectively suppresses coupling with one type of nucleus while observing the NMR signal from another nucleus, simplifying the spectrum and enhancing resolution.
Spin decoupling is usually achieved by...
¹H NMR: Complex Splitting01:13

¹H NMR: Complex Splitting

A proton M that is coupled to a proton X results in doublet signals for M. However, NMR-active nuclei can be simultaneously coupled to more than one nonequivalent nucleus. When M is coupled to a second proton A, such as in styrene oxide, each peak in the doublet is split into another doublet.
Splitting diagrams or splitting tree diagrams are routinely used to depict such complex couplings. While drawing splitting diagrams, the splitting with the larger coupling constant is usually applied first.

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Loss of the lncRNA <i>SOX1-OT</i> promotes p53-dependent cell-cycle arrest in astrocytes.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2026
Same author

Development of phenotype algorithms for the detection of adverse events in electronic health record data: a multicentre study.

BMJ open·2026
Same author

A distributed analysis approach for pharmacovigilance data from electronic medical records in German university hospitals: the POLAR_MI ETL Pipeline.

BMC medical informatics and decision making·2026
Same author

Synthesis of a C-2 Functionalized l-Iduronic Acid Derivative as a Candidate Pharmacological Chaperone for MPS II (Hunter Syndrome).

Chemistry, an Asian journal·2026
Same author

In-situ inference of the thermoacoustic properties of an industrial combustion systema).

The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America·2026
Same author

Learning the relationship between operating condition and flame response from acoustic dataa).

The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 27, 2026

Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Multiple Sclerosis at 7.0 Tesla
08:51

Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Multiple Sclerosis at 7.0 Tesla

Published on: February 19, 2021

SAR-reduced spin-echo-based Bloch-Siegert B(1)(+) mapping: BS-SE-BURST.

Thomas Christian Basse-Lüsebrink1, Thomas Kampf, André Fischer

  • 1Department of Experimental Physics 5, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany. thomas.basse-luesebrink@physik.uni-wuerzburg.de

Magnetic Resonance in Medicine
|December 2, 2011
PubMed
Summary

This study introduces a fast Bloch-Siegert (BS) B(1)(+) mapping method using a SE-BURST sequence. This technique reduces specific absorption rates in MRI, enhancing clinical safety and efficiency.

More Related Videos

Experimental Methods for Spin- and Angle-Resolved Photoemission Spectroscopy Combined with Polarization-Variable Laser
09:00

Experimental Methods for Spin- and Angle-Resolved Photoemission Spectroscopy Combined with Polarization-Variable Laser

Published on: June 28, 2018

Mechanical Mapping of Spheroids Using Brillouin Spectroscopy
08:27

Mechanical Mapping of Spheroids Using Brillouin Spectroscopy

Published on: December 12, 2025

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 27, 2026

Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Multiple Sclerosis at 7.0 Tesla
08:51

Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Multiple Sclerosis at 7.0 Tesla

Published on: February 19, 2021

Experimental Methods for Spin- and Angle-Resolved Photoemission Spectroscopy Combined with Polarization-Variable Laser
09:00

Experimental Methods for Spin- and Angle-Resolved Photoemission Spectroscopy Combined with Polarization-Variable Laser

Published on: June 28, 2018

Mechanical Mapping of Spheroids Using Brillouin Spectroscopy
08:27

Mechanical Mapping of Spheroids Using Brillouin Spectroscopy

Published on: December 12, 2025

Area of Science:

  • Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) Physics
  • Biophysics

Background:

  • B(1)(+) field mapping is crucial for quantitative MRI accuracy.
  • Phase-based Bloch-Siegert (BS) methods offer fast and accurate B(1)(+) mapping.
  • Existing BS methods using spin-echo (SE) sequences face challenges with high specific absorption rates (SAR).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To introduce and evaluate a novel fast Bloch-Siegert B(1)(+) mapping method based on the SE-BURST sequence.
  • To address the limitations of high specific absorption rates in current BS-based MRI sequences.

Main Methods:

  • Development of a Bloch-Siegert SE-BURST (BS-SE-BURST) sequence.
  • Implementation of the BS-SE-BURST sequence on a 3 T whole-body MRI scanner.
  • Acquisition of multiple phase-encoded echoes per excitation cycle using low-magnitude excitation pulses prior to the refocusing pulse.

Main Results:

  • The BS-SE-BURST sequence achieves fast and accurate B(1)(+) mapping.
  • This method offers a similar signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) per unit time compared to standard SE sequences.
  • Crucially, it significantly reduces specific absorption rates (SAR), improving clinical safety.

Conclusions:

  • The proposed BS-SE-BURST sequence is a viable and safe alternative for B(1)(+) mapping in clinical MRI.
  • This advancement enhances the practical application of Bloch-Siegert techniques in quantitative MRI.
  • The method demonstrates successful implementation and application on a conventional MRI scanner.