Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Hormonal Control of the Ovarian Cycle01:30

Hormonal Control of the Ovarian Cycle

The ovarian cycle is meticulously regulated by the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis. This cycle orchestrates the release of a mature oocyte, essential for reproduction.
Before puberty, the hypothalamus releases GnRH in a low frequency, low amplitude pulsatile manner. This along with the immature hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis activity, results in low estrogen levels and the absence of a fully functional ovarian cycle.  At puberty, GnRH secretion increases in both frequency and...
Birth Control Methods01:22

Birth Control Methods

Vasectomy is a surgical form of male sterilization that involves severing and sealing the vasa deferentia, preventing sperm from mixing with semen during ejaculation. Because a vasectomy does not impact the testes' ability to produce testosterone, hormone levels, libido, and sexual function generally remain unchanged. While vasectomy is highly effective in preventing pregnancy, with a success rate near 99.85%, rare cases of recanalization (spontaneous reconnection) can occur. Although vasectomy...
Oogenesis02:07

Oogenesis

In human women, oogenesis produces one mature egg cell or ovum for every precursor cell that enters meiosis. This process differs in two unique ways from the equivalent procedure of spermatogenesis in males. First, meiotic divisions during oogenesis are asymmetric, meaning that a large oocyte (containing most of the cytoplasm) and minor polar body are produced as a result of meiosis I, and again following meiosis II. Since only oocytes will go on to form embryos if fertilized, this unequal...
Hormonal Regulation of the Menstrual Cycle01:22

Hormonal Regulation of the Menstrual Cycle

The ovarian cycle regulates endometrial changes throughout a single menstrual cycle via the coordinated action of gonadotrophin-releasing hormone (GnRH) and gonadotrophins.
At puberty, GnRH begins a pulsatile release pattern, which triggers the anterior pituitary gland to secrete follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH). The frequency and amplitude of GnRH pulses vary across the menstrual cycle, with faster pulses favoring LH release and slower pulses favoring FSH release.
Ovarian Cycle01:27

Ovarian Cycle

The menstrual cycle includes a critical component known as the ovarian cycle, which undergoes two main phases each month—the follicular phase and the luteal phase. The follicular phase is variable and averaging around 14 days. Ovulation, triggered by a surge in luteinizing hormone (LH), marks the transition between the two phases. The second phase, the luteal phase, is relatively consistent, lasting approximately 14 days, and is marked by the activity of the corpus luteum. While a cycle length...
Cancer Prevention02:59

Cancer Prevention

Several factors can increase the risk of cancer in an individual. About 50% of cancer cases can be prevented by adopting a healthy lifestyle, regular exercise, eating healthy, and following a modest cancer prevention diet. Epidemiological studies have consistently shown that populations with vegetable and fruit-rich diets have reduced the incidence of cancer. On the other hand, populations who have a diet rich in animal fat, red meat, junk food, or high calories are predisposed to cancer.
Some...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Characterization of persistency of lay in laying hens†.

Biology of reproduction·2025
Same author

Lameness in a ewe.

Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association·2025
Same author

A Stronger IMPACT on Career Development for Early- and Mid-career Faculty.

Journal of the Endocrine Society·2024
Same author

Klebsiella pneumoniae Complex-Associated Peritonitis, Lymphadenitis, and Pyelonephritis in Juvenile Raccoons (Procyon lotor) under Rehabilitator Care in New York, New Jersey, and Wisconsin, USA.

Journal of wildlife diseases·2024
Same author

<i>The bench to community initiative</i>: community-based participatory research model for translating research discoveries into community solutions.

Frontiers in public health·2024
Same author

Cutaneous Lesions in the Gular Region Caused by Feather Follicle Infestation with Harpirhynchidae sp. Mites in Great Crested Flycatchers (Myiarchus crinitus) in New York, USA, 2016-23.

Journal of wildlife diseases·2024

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 27, 2026

Fertility Preservation Through Oocyte Vitrification: Clinical and Laboratory Perspectives
08:46

Fertility Preservation Through Oocyte Vitrification: Clinical and Laboratory Perspectives

Published on: September 16, 2021

Oral contraceptives decrease the prevalence of ovarian cancer in the hen.

Lindsey S Treviño1, Elizabeth L Buckles, Patricia A Johnson

  • 1Department of Animal Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA.

Cancer Prevention Research (Philadelphia, Pa.)
|December 3, 2011
PubMed
Summary

Progestin, a hormone found in oral contraceptives, significantly reduced ovarian cancer prevalence by 91% in hens. This suggests hormonal interventions may offer protection against reproductive cancers.

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 27, 2026

Fertility Preservation Through Oocyte Vitrification: Clinical and Laboratory Perspectives
08:46

Fertility Preservation Through Oocyte Vitrification: Clinical and Laboratory Perspectives

Published on: September 16, 2021

Area of Science:

  • Reproductive Endocrinology
  • Oncology
  • Animal Models in Cancer Research

Background:

  • Ovarian cancer is a leading cause of cancer death in women due to late detection and ineffective treatments.
  • Chemoprevention strategies are crucial in the absence of early detection and effective therapies.
  • Hens spontaneously develop ovarian cancer, serving as a valuable model for studying prevention.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the chemopreventive effects of progestin and estrogen, alone or in combination, on ovarian cancer prevalence in hens.
  • To explore the potential role of oral contraceptives in ovarian cancer prevention.
  • To elucidate the mechanism of progestin's protective effect, examining apoptosis and proliferation.

Main Methods:

  • Hens were treated with progestin alone, estrogen alone, or a combination of progestin and estrogen.
  • Ovarian cancer prevalence was monitored in treated groups compared to a control group.
  • Ovarian apoptosis and proliferation rates were assessed to understand the underlying mechanisms.

Main Results:

  • Progestin alone reduced ovarian cancer prevalence by 91% (risk ratio = 0.0909).
  • Progestin combined with estrogen reduced prevalence by 81% (risk ratio = 0.1916).
  • Egg production decreased significantly in treatment groups; no effect on ovarian apoptosis or proliferation was observed.

Conclusions:

  • Results support the use of oral contraceptives for ovarian cancer prevention.
  • Progestin demonstrates significant chemopreventive effects against ovarian cancer in a hen model.
  • The protective mechanism of progestin is likely independent of direct effects on ovarian apoptosis or proliferation, suggesting hormonal modulation of ovulation-related risk.