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Related Concept Videos

NMR Spectrometers: Radiofrequency Pulses and Pulse Sequences01:17

NMR Spectrometers: Radiofrequency Pulses and Pulse Sequences

A pulse is a short burst of radio waves distributed over a range of frequencies that simultaneously excites all the nuclei in the sample. Upon passing a radio frequency pulse along the x-axis, the nuclei absorb energy corresponding to their Larmor frequencies and achieve resonance. This shifts the net magnetization vector from the z-axis toward the transverse plane. This angle of rotation of the magnetization vector, or the flip angle, is proportional to the duration and intensity of the pulse.
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The fast decoupled power flow method addresses contingencies in power system operations, such as generator outages or transmission line failures. This method provides quick power flow solutions, essential for real-time system adjustments. Fast decoupled power flow algorithms simplify the Jacobian matrix by neglecting certain elements, leading to two sets of decoupled equations:
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Double resonance techniques in Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectroscopy involve the simultaneous application of two different frequencies or radiofrequency pulses to manipulate and observe two distinct nuclear spins. One important application of double resonance is spin decoupling, which selectively suppresses coupling with one type of nucleus while observing the NMR signal from another nucleus, simplifying the spectrum and enhancing resolution.
Spin decoupling is usually achieved by...

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VERSE-guided numerical RF pulse design: a fast method for peak RF power control.

Daeho Lee1, William A Grissom, Michael Lustig

  • 1Department of Electrical Engineering, Magnetic Resonance Systems Research Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA. daeho@mrsrl.stanford.edu

Magnetic Resonance in Medicine
|December 3, 2011
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Summary

This study introduces a faster method for designing radiofrequency (RF) pulses in parallel excitation MRI. The new approach effectively controls peak RF power and corrects for off-resonance effects during scanning.

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Area of Science:

  • Medical Imaging
  • Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)
  • Pulse Sequence Design

Background:

  • Numerical radiofrequency (RF) pulse design in parallel excitation is computationally intensive, especially when incorporating subject-specific factors and system imperfections in real-time.
  • Optimization-based RF pulse design methods often result in high peak RF power, potentially exceeding safety limits and hardware capabilities.
  • Online control of peak RF power is crucial for safe and efficient MRI procedures.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To enhance the fidelity and robustness of variable-rate selective excitation (VERSE) for numerically designed RF pulses.
  • To develop an online RF pulse design framework that integrates VERSE for simultaneous control of peak RF power and off-resonance compensation.
  • To improve the computational efficiency of RF pulse design for real-time applications in MRI.

Main Methods:

  • Waveform oversampling was employed to improve the fidelity of discrete-time variable-rate selective excitation (VERSE) implementations.
  • A novel framework for numerically designing RF pulses was proposed, guided by VERSE.
  • The proposed method aims to simultaneously manage peak RF power and correct for off-resonance effects.

Main Results:

  • Variable-rate selective excitation (VERSE) was robustly applied to numerically designed RF pulses through waveform oversampling.
  • The VERSE-guided numerical RF pulse design framework demonstrated the ability to control peak RF power effectively.
  • The framework showed promise in compensating for off-resonance effects during RF pulse design.

Conclusions:

  • Waveform oversampling enhances the practical application of VERSE in MRI pulse design.
  • The proposed VERSE-guided framework offers an efficient online solution for controlling peak RF power and off-resonance in parallel excitation MRI.
  • This method has the potential to improve the safety and performance of real-time MRI applications.