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Related Concept Videos

Brain Imaging01:14

Brain Imaging

Brain imaging technologies provide critical insights into both the structure and function of the human brain, enabling medical professionals and researchers to diagnose, study, and treat neurological disorders or psychiatric disorders more effectively.
These technologies include computerized axial tomography (CAT or CT scans), positron-emission tomography (PET scans),  magnetic resonance imaging (MRI),  functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), and Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS).
Dementia l: Introduction01:22

Dementia l: Introduction

Dementia is an acquired, progressive syndrome characterized by a decline in multiple cognitive domains severe enough to impair daily functioning and reduce independence. Although memory loss is a central feature, the diagnosis requires additional deficits involving language, executive function, visuospatial skills, judgment, calculation, or abstract reasoning. These cognitive impairments reflect underlying neurodegenerative or vascular processes that gradually disrupt neuronal networks...
Dementia01:30

Dementia

Dementia is a collective term for cognitive disorders primarily affecting memory, thinking, and reasoning. It is not a specific disease but a syndrome, with Alzheimer's disease being the most common cause, accounting for approximately 60-80% of cases. Other types include vascular dementia, Lewy body dementia, and frontotemporal dementia. Dementia affects millions worldwide, particularly older adults, though it is not a normal part of aging.
The progression of dementia is generally gradual.
Imaging Studies VII: Vascular Imaging01:19

Imaging Studies VII: Vascular Imaging

DefinitionRenal angiography, also known as renal arteriography, is an imaging technique used to obtain a comprehensive view of blood flow and the vascular structure of blood vessels in the kidneys and surrounding areas.PurposeRenal angiography detects blood vessel abnormalities in the kidneys, such as aneurysms, stenosis, thrombosis, vascular tumors, and renal artery stenosis. It evaluates kidney function and guides interventional treatments like angioplasty or stent placement.Pre-Procedure...
Alzheimer's Disease: Overview01:26

Alzheimer's Disease: Overview

Alzheimer's Disease (AD) is a continually advancing neurodegenerative disorder, distinguished by escalating memory loss, cognitive dysfunction, and dementia. The disease unfolds in three stages: preclinical, mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and dementia. Its onset is insidious, and the progression gradual, with the cause not well explained by other disorders.
The clinical diagnosis of AD hinges on the presence of memory and other cognitive impairments. Biomarkers, such as changes in Aβ and tau...
Imaging Studies II: Positron Emission Tomography and Scintigraphy01:25

Imaging Studies II: Positron Emission Tomography and Scintigraphy

Positron Emission Tomography (PET) is a medical imaging technique that provides crucial insights into the body's physiological functions at a molecular level. It is an indispensable resource for diagnosing, staging, and monitoring various illnesses, notably cancer, neurological disorders, and cardiovascular conditions.
Fundamental Principles of PET

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Updated: May 27, 2026

Using Retinal Imaging to Study Dementia
09:17

Using Retinal Imaging to Study Dementia

Published on: November 6, 2017

Imaging approaches for dementia.

A D Murray1

  • 1Aberdeen Biomedical Imaging Centre, Division of Applied Medicine, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK. a.d.murray@abdn.ac.uk

AJNR. American Journal of Neuroradiology
|December 3, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Brain imaging now aids in diagnosing dementia, identifying biomarkers like hippocampal atrophy for Alzheimer's disease (AD) and white matter hyperintensities (WMH) for cerebrovascular disease (CVD). Advanced techniques support diagnosing dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) and frontotemporal dementias (FTDs).

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Using Retinal Imaging to Study Dementia
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Published on: November 6, 2017

Hybrid PET/MRI Imaging of Alzheimer's Disease Based on 18F-AV-1451
05:17

Hybrid PET/MRI Imaging of Alzheimer's Disease Based on 18F-AV-1451

Published on: April 18, 2025

Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Radiology
  • Biomarker Discovery

Background:

  • Brain imaging has evolved from excluding lesions to enabling specific antemortem diagnoses of neurological disorders.
  • Neuroimaging plays a crucial role in differentiating various dementia subtypes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the current role of various brain imaging modalities in the diagnosis of different dementia types.
  • To highlight the utility of imaging biomarkers in clinical practice and drug development.

Main Methods:

  • Review of established and emerging neuroimaging techniques including MRI, SPECT, and PET.
  • Discussion of characteristic imaging findings associated with Alzheimer's disease (AD), cerebrovascular disease (CVD), dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB), frontotemporal dementias (FTDs), autoimmune dementias, and Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD).

Main Results:

  • MR imaging-derived hippocampal atrophy and white matter hyperintensities (WMH) are key biomarkers for AD and CVD.
  • FP-CIT SPECT aids in DLB diagnosis, while FDG-PET and perfusion SPECT show characteristic patterns in FTDs.
  • Whole-body FDG-PET and specific MRI sequences (FLAIR, DWI) are valuable for autoimmune dementias and CJD, respectively.

Conclusions:

  • Neuroimaging is indispensable for the accurate diagnosis of diverse dementia syndromes.
  • Imaging biomarkers are critical for advancing therapeutic strategies and developing cost-effective diagnostic tools for neurodegenerative diseases.