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Executive function and type 2 diabetes: putting the pieces together.

Jason L Rucker¹, Joan M McDowd, Patricia M Kluding

¹Department of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation Science, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA. jrucker2@kumc.edu

Physical Therapy

|December 3, 2011

Summary

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) can impair executive function, affecting planning and coordination. These cognitive deficits may contribute to gait problems and falls in older adults with DM.

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Area of Science:

Neuroscience
Gerontology
Endocrinology

Background:

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) significantly impacts vascular, renal, retinal, and nerve functions.
Older adults with type 2 DM show executive function impairments (planning, sequencing, monitoring).
Executive dysfunction, especially time-sharing deficits, may link to gait abnormalities and falls in type 2 DM.

Purpose of the Study:

To examine executive function integrity in adults with type 2 DM using a neuropsychological framework.
To explore pathophysiological mechanisms of diabetes-related executive dysfunction.
To summarize contributions of executive deficits to gait and functional impairments in older adults with type 2 DM.

Main Methods:

Review of current neuropsychological research on executive function.
Exploration of pathophysiological mechanisms underlying diabetes-related executive dysfunction.
Summary of existing evidence on executive deficits and functional impairments.

Main Results:

Executive function deficits, particularly in time-sharing, are implicated in gait abnormalities and falls in type 2 DM.
The relationship between executive function and functional abilities in this population is not well understood.
Pathophysiological mechanisms contributing to executive dysfunction in type 2 DM are explored.

Conclusions:

Executive function deficits may play a crucial role in the functional impairments observed in older adults with type 2 DM.
Understanding these cognitive-executive links is vital for patient care and rehabilitation.
Dual-task assessment and interventions could benefit patients with type 2 DM experiencing executive dysfunction.