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Related Concept Videos

Cell Migration01:19

Cell Migration

Cell migration is a process by which the cells move from one location to another, playing an essential role in embryological development, repair and regeneration, immune response, and metastasis. Cells migrate in response to chemical or mechanical signals generated by specific organs or tissues. The overall mechanism includes three steps - polarization, protrusion, and release. Polarization involves the formation of a distinct cell front and rear, which determines the direction of movement.
Cell Migration01:09

Cell Migration

Cell migration, the process by which cells move from one location to another, is essential for the proper development and viability of organisms throughout their life. When cells are not able to migrate properly to their ordained locations, various disorders may occur. For example, disruption in cell migration causes chronic inflammatory diseases such as arthritis.
Actin Polymerization and Cell Motility01:13

Actin Polymerization and Cell Motility

Actin is a family of globular proteins that are highly abundant in eukaryotic cells. It makes up approximately 1-5% of total cell protein concentration. Actin monomers polymerize to form a complex network of polarized filaments, the actin cytoskeleton, that plays a crucial role in many cellular processes, including cell motility, division, endocytosis, and metastasis of cancer cells.
Actin cytoskeleton dynamics can produce pushing, pulling, and resistance forces that help the cell to migrate.
Cell Polarization by Rho Proteins01:21

Cell Polarization by Rho Proteins

Cell polarity is the asymmetric distribution of cellular and membrane components, making one side of the cell different from the other. This polarity is essential to many processes such as embryogenesis, axon migration, glucose transport across epithelial cells, and directional cell migration. A migrating cell responds to intracellular or extracellular signals via molecular cascades that reorganize the actin cytoskeleton to establish this polarity. In these cells, the Rho family proteins Cdc42,...
Chemotaxis and Direction of Cell Migration01:21

Chemotaxis and Direction of Cell Migration

Cells can detect chemical cues in their environment and reorganize the cytoskeleton to migrate toward them or away from them. This directional migration, called chemotaxis, is essential during embryogenesis and development, immune response, tissue repair and regeneration, and reproduction. These chemical cues can either attract or repel the cell's movement. For example, axon development is determined by a combination of chemoattractants and chemorepellents that direct the growing axon towards...
Cytoskeletal Coordination in Cell Migration01:32

Cytoskeletal Coordination in Cell Migration

A migrating cell changes its shape during the cyclic events of attachment and detachment from the substratum and repositions the cell organelles correspondingly. These complex events are orchestrated by the dynamic cytoskeletal network comprising actin filaments, intermediate filaments, and microtubules. Cytoskeletal crosstalk — the direct and indirect communication between the different components — is crucial for this coordination. Direct communication involves various linker proteins that...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 27, 2026

Micropatterning Transmission Electron Microscopy Grids to Direct Cell Positioning within Whole-Cell Cryo-Electron Tomography Workflows
09:53

Micropatterning Transmission Electron Microscopy Grids to Direct Cell Positioning within Whole-Cell Cryo-Electron Tomography Workflows

Published on: September 13, 2021

Place cells, grid cells, attractors, and remapping.

Kathryn J Jeffery1

  • 1Department of Cognitive, Perceptual and Brain Sciences, University College London, 26 Bedford Way, London WC1H 0AP, UK. k.jeffery@ucl.ac.uk

Neural Plasticity
|December 3, 2011
PubMed
Summary

This study proposes a novel model for place and grid cell activity, suggesting anatomical separation of attractor systems explains their coherent and independent responses to environmental changes.

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Computational Neuroscience
  • Cognitive Science

Background:

  • Place and grid cells are crucial for spatial navigation and memory.
  • Attractor dynamics are hypothesized to explain neural activity organization in these cells.
  • Existing models struggle to account for independent place cell remapping during environmental changes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To propose a new computational model reconciling attractor dynamics with observed place cell remapping.
  • To explain how neural networks can exhibit both coherent and independent responses to environmental stimuli.

Main Methods:

  • Theoretical modeling of neural network dynamics.
  • Simulations exploring attractor states and remapping phenomena.
  • Analysis of information flow between separate neural systems.

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Migratory Behavior of Cells Generated in Ganglionic Eminence Cultures
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Migratory Behavior of Cells Generated in Ganglionic Eminence Cultures

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Mapping the Cellular Distribution of an Optogenetic Protein Using a Light-Stimulation Grid

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Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 27, 2026

Micropatterning Transmission Electron Microscopy Grids to Direct Cell Positioning within Whole-Cell Cryo-Electron Tomography Workflows
09:53

Micropatterning Transmission Electron Microscopy Grids to Direct Cell Positioning within Whole-Cell Cryo-Electron Tomography Workflows

Published on: September 13, 2021

Migratory Behavior of Cells Generated in Ganglionic Eminence Cultures
06:34

Migratory Behavior of Cells Generated in Ganglionic Eminence Cultures

Published on: April 21, 2011

Mapping the Cellular Distribution of an Optogenetic Protein Using a Light-Stimulation Grid
08:49

Mapping the Cellular Distribution of an Optogenetic Protein Using a Light-Stimulation Grid

Published on: January 26, 2024

Main Results:

  • The proposed model successfully explains how distinct attractor systems can lead to both synchronized and independent neural remapping.
  • Anatomical separation coupled with dynamic modulation of connection matrices provides a framework for understanding flexible spatial representations.
  • Back-propagation of learning into the connection matrix allows for adaptive contextual modulation.

Conclusions:

  • A dual-attractor system with dynamic connectivity offers a unified explanation for place and grid cell behavior.
  • This model advances our understanding of neural mechanisms underlying spatial cognition and memory flexibility.
  • Future research should experimentally validate the proposed anatomical and dynamic properties.