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Related Concept Videos

MicroRNAs01:22

MicroRNAs

MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns (non-coding regions of a gene) or intergenic regions (stretches of DNA present between genes). Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself, forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After the pre-miRNA...
MicroRNAs01:22

MicroRNAs

MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns—non-coding regions of a gene—or intergenic regions—stretches of DNA present between genes. Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After the pre-miRNA ends...
MicroRNAs01:22

MicroRNAs

MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns—non-coding regions of a gene—or intergenic regions—stretches of DNA present between genes. Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After the pre-miRNA ends...
Transcription Factors02:16

Transcription Factors

Tissue-specific transcription factors contribute to diverse cellular functions in mammals. For example, the gene for beta globin, a major component of hemoglobin, is present in all cells of the body. However, it is only expressed in red blood cells because the transcription factors that can bind to the promoter sequences of the beta globin gene are only expressed in these cells. Tissue-specific transcription factors also ensure that mutations in these factors may impair only the function of...
Transcription Factors02:16

Transcription Factors

Tissue-specific transcription factors contribute to diverse cellular functions in mammals. For example, the gene for beta globin, a major component of hemoglobin, is present in all cells of the body. However, it is only expressed in red blood cells because the transcription factors that can bind to the promoter sequences of the beta globin gene are only expressed in these cells. Tissue-specific transcription factors also ensure that mutations in these factors may impair only the function of...
pre-mRNA Processing02:01

pre-mRNA Processing

In eukaryotic cells, transcripts made by RNA polymerase are modified and processed before exiting the nucleus. Unprocessed RNA is called precursor mRNA or pre-mRNA to distinguish it from mature mRNA.
Once about 20-40 ribonucleotides have been joined together by RNA polymerase, a group of enzymes adds a “cap” to the 5’ end of the growing transcript. In this process, a 5’ phosphate is replaced by modified guanosine that has a methyl group attached to it (7-Methyl guanosine). This 5’ cap helps the...

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Describing a Transcription Factor Dependent Regulation of the MicroRNA Transcriptome
07:23

Describing a Transcription Factor Dependent Regulation of the MicroRNA Transcriptome

Published on: June 15, 2016

Transcription factor binding sites are highly enriched within microRNA precursor sequences.

Jittima Piriyapongsa1, I King Jordan, Andrew B Conley

  • 1Genome Institute, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Klong1, Klong Luang, Pathumthani 12120, Thailand.

Biology Direct
|December 6, 2011
PubMed
Summary

Transcription factor binding sites are frequently found within microRNA precursor sequences. This suggests a novel mechanism for regulating microRNA gene transcription and processing.

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Describing a Transcription Factor Dependent Regulation of the MicroRNA Transcriptome
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Area of Science:

  • Genomics
  • Molecular Biology
  • Gene Regulation

Background:

  • Transcription factors (TFs) typically bind DNA near gene promoters to regulate transcription.
  • Annotated TF binding sites were observed within microRNA (miRNA) hairpin precursor sequences (pre-miRs).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the prevalence and significance of TF binding sites within human pre-miR sequences.
  • To explore the potential role of these sites in miRNA gene regulation.

Main Methods:

  • Bioinformatic analysis of human miRNA gene genomics.
  • Identification and conservation analysis of TF binding site motifs within pre-miR sequences.
  • Statistical analysis of TF binding site association with various pre-miR types.

Main Results:

  • Approximately 45% of human pre-miRs contain conserved TF binding site motifs, increasing to over 75% when excluding primate-specific pre-miRs.
  • This association is statistically significant and observed in both intergenic and intronic, as well as isolated and clustered, miRNA genes.
  • The findings were validated through an independent analysis of all human pre-miR sequences.

Conclusions:

  • TF binding sites within pre-miR sequences may regulate miRNA transcription.
  • TFs might directly bind pre-miRs to influence their processing.