Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Multiple Sclerosis l: Introduction

Multiple Sclerosis l: Introduction

Multiple sclerosis is a chronic autoimmune disease of the central nervous system (CNS) that affects the brain, spinal cord, and optic nerves. It is an inflammatory demyelinating disorder and a leading cause of neurological disability in young adults.EpidemiologyMS commonly begins between 20 and 40 years of age and is twice as common in women. Its exact cause remains unclear, but genetic susceptibility contributes, with higher risk in first-degree relatives and identical twins. A greater...

Hypothalamic-Pituitary Axis

Hypothalamic-Pituitary Axis

The response to stress—be it physical or psychological, acute or chronic—involves activation of the Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal (HPA) axis. The HPA axis is part of the neuroendocrine system because it involves both neuronal and hormonal communication. Its function is to regulate homeostatic systems—metabolic, cardiovascular, and immune—providing the necessary means to respond to a stressor.

Hypothyroidism II: Pathophysiology

Hypothyroidism II: Pathophysiology

Hypothyroidism is a disorder characterized by insufficient production of thyroid hormones, which regulate metabolism, energy balance, and multiple organ systems.TypesHypothyroidism is classified based on the level of dysfunction. Primary hypothyroidism results from intrinsic thyroid gland dysfunction, causing reduced hormone production despite normal or increased stimulation. Secondary hypothyroidism arises from inadequate thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) secretion by the pituitary. Tertiary...

Hyperthyroidism II: Pathophysiology

Hyperthyroidism II: Pathophysiology

Hyperthyroidism is a hypermetabolic state caused by elevated levels of thyroid hormones, triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4). It results from dysregulation at the thyroid, pituitary, or immune system level and affects multiple organ systems.PathophysiologyThe most common cause of hyperthyroidism is Graves’ disease, an autoimmune disorder in which antibodies, specifically thyroid-stimulating antibodies (TSAb), a subtype of TSH receptor antibodies (TRAb), bind to and activate TSH receptors...

Alzheimer Disease ll: Pathophysiology

Alzheimer Disease ll: Pathophysiology

Alzheimer disease involves structural changes in the brain that begin long before symptoms appear. The most distinctive features are extracellular neuritic plaques and intracellular neurofibrillary tangles.Neuritic plaques form in the cerebral cortex and around blood vessels. These plaques contain a dense core of beta-amyloid (Aβ)—a toxic protein fragment that clumps outside neurons. The core is surrounded by damaged neuronal extensions, as well as reactive astrocytes and microglia. Abnormal...

Myasthenia Gravis ll: Pathophysiology

Myasthenia Gravis ll: Pathophysiology

The disease process of myasthenia gravis begins at the neuromuscular junction, where antibodies attack key proteins needed for muscle activation. This immune reaction weakens signal transmission, leading to the characteristic muscle fatigue and weakness that define the condition.Immune-Mediated DamageIn most individuals, antibodies target acetylcholine receptors (AChRs) on the postsynaptic membrane of muscle cells. By blocking acetylcholine binding, these antibodies prevent the nerve signal...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Gene expression profiling in a retrospective real-world cohort of breast cancer brain metastases and paired primary tumors identifies biological changes with potential therapeutic implications.

ESMO open·2025

Same author

Serology results after COVID vaccine in multiple sclerosis patients treated with fingolimod.

Revue neurologique·2022

Same author

An algorithm to determine the date when the McDonald criteria are met for the diagnosis of relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis.

Revue neurologique·2022

Same author

Breast cancer patients treated with intrathecal therapy for leptomeningeal metastases in a large real-life database.

ESMO open·2021

Same author

Multidisciplinary management of patients presenting with Lyme disease suspicion.

Medecine et maladies infectieuses·2018

Same author

Clinical follow-up of 411 patients with relapsing and progressive multiple sclerosis 10 years after discontinuing mitoxantrone treatment: a real-life cohort study.

European journal of neurology·2018

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 27, 2026

Comprehensive Autopsy Program for Individuals with Multiple Sclerosis

Comprehensive Autopsy Program for Individuals with Multiple Sclerosis

Published on: July 19, 2019

[Hypothalamic involvement in multiple sclerosis].

A Darlix¹, G Mathey, M-L Monin

¹Service de neurologie, hôpital Central, CHU de Nancy, 29 avenue du Maréchal-de-Lattre-de-Tassigny, Nancy cedex, France. a.darlix@gmail.com

Revue Neurologique

|December 6, 2011

Summary

Hypothalamic dysfunction is rare in multiple sclerosis (MS). This study reports severe hypothermia linked to MS, suggesting widespread demyelination may cause these rare symptoms and indicate a poorer prognosis.

More Related Videos

An Ex vivo Model of an Oligodendrocyte-directed T-Cell Attack in Acute Brain Slices

An Ex vivo Model of an Oligodendrocyte-directed T-Cell Attack in Acute Brain Slices

Published on: February 5, 2015

Quantification of Autoreactive Antibodies in Mice upon Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis

Quantification of Autoreactive Antibodies in Mice upon Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis

Published on: December 1, 2023

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 27, 2026

Comprehensive Autopsy Program for Individuals with Multiple Sclerosis

Comprehensive Autopsy Program for Individuals with Multiple Sclerosis

Published on: July 19, 2019

An Ex vivo Model of an Oligodendrocyte-directed T-Cell Attack in Acute Brain Slices

An Ex vivo Model of an Oligodendrocyte-directed T-Cell Attack in Acute Brain Slices

Published on: February 5, 2015

Quantification of Autoreactive Antibodies in Mice upon Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis

Quantification of Autoreactive Antibodies in Mice upon Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis

Published on: December 1, 2023

Area of Science:

Neuroimmunology
Neurology

Background:

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic inflammatory demyelinating disease of the central nervous system.
Hypothalamic involvement in MS is considered rare, yet plays a crucial role in regulating vital functions.

Observation:

Two patients with a history of MS presented with severe hypothermia, thrombocytopenia, and elevated transaminases.
Literature review reveals reported cases of thermoregulation dysfunction (hypothermia/hyperthermia), SIADH, and sleep disorders (narcolepsy) in MS patients.
Autopsy studies indicate a high frequency of demyelinating lesions in the hypothalamus, with a notable proportion of active lesions.

Findings:

Severe hypothermia in MS patients may be associated with hypothalamic lesions.
While hypothalamic lesions are frequent in MS, clinical manifestations like thermoregulation or sleep disturbances are uncommon, suggesting a threshold effect.
A significant burden of inflammatory demyelinating lesions, particularly in long-standing MS with severe disability, may be necessary for these rare hypothalamic signs to manifest.

Implications:

Hypothalamic signs in MS, though rare, could signify a more severe disease course and accelerated disability progression.
These findings highlight the potential for widespread central nervous system involvement in MS, impacting critical homeostatic functions.
Further research is warranted to understand the mechanisms and prognostic value of hypothalamic dysfunction in multiple sclerosis.