Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Bacterial Phylum Spirochaetes01:30

Bacterial Phylum Spirochaetes

Spirochetes, unique bacteria in the phylum Spirochaetes, are gram-negative, motile, tightly coiled, slender, and flexible. They inhabit aquatic sediments and animals, with some causing diseases like syphilis. Spirochetes are classified into eight genera based on habitat, pathogenicity, phylogeny, and characteristics.Their distinctive motility arises from endoflagella, located within the cell’s periplasm. These endoflagella anchor at the cell poles and extend along the cell length, encased by a...
Lysogenic Cycle of Bacteriophages00:43

Lysogenic Cycle of Bacteriophages

In contrast to the lytic cycle, phages infecting bacteria via the lysogenic cycle do not immediately kill their host cell. Instead, they combine their genome with the host genome, allowing the bacteria to replicate the phage DNA along with the bacterial genome. The incorporated copy of the phage genome is called the prophage. Some prophages can re-activate and enter the lytic cycle. This often occurs in response to a perturbation, such as DNA damage, but can also transpire in the absence of...
Production of Biopesticides01:18

Production of Biopesticides

Biopesticides offer a sustainable alternative to chemical pesticides, utilizing microbial agents to control agricultural pests. Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) is a widely employed bacterium known for its potent insecticidal activity. Bt biopesticides are favored for their specificity to insect pests, minimal environmental impact, and natural degradability.Mechanism of Bt Toxin Action Bt produces insecticidal crystal (Cry) proteins during its sporulation phase. These proteins form parasporal...
Defense Against Bacterial Pathogens01:31

Defense Against Bacterial Pathogens

The human immune system is a complex network of cells, tissues, and organs that work together to defend the body against bacterial infections. It consists of various immune cells, each playing a specific role in the defense mechanism.
Phagocytes
Phagocytes are the frontline soldiers of the immune system. They include neutrophils and macrophages. Neutrophils are the most abundant type of white blood cell and are quickly mobilized to the site of infection. Macrophages are larger cells that patrol...
Lytic Cycle of Bacteriophages01:30

Lytic Cycle of Bacteriophages

Bacteriophages, also known as phages, are specialized viruses that infect bacteria. A key characteristic of phages is their distinctive “head-tail” morphology. A phage begins the infection process (i.e., lytic cycle) by attaching to the outside of a bacterial cell. Attachment is accomplished via proteins in the phage tail that bind to specific receptor proteins on the outer surface of the bacterium. The tail injects the phage’s DNA genome into the bacterial cytoplasm. In the lytic replication...
Viral Replication: Lysogenic Cycle01:16

Viral Replication: Lysogenic Cycle

The lysogenic cycle is a crucial viral replication strategy that allows bacteriophages to persist within host cells without immediately destroying them. This process is primarily observed in temperate phages, such as bacteriophage lambda (λ), which infects Escherichia coli. The cycle allows the viral genome to persist across bacterial generations while keeping host cells viable.Integration of the Viral GenomeUpon infection, bacteriophage lambda attaches to the bacterial surface and injects its...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Reprising Heberden's description of angina pectoris after 250 years.

European heart journal·2022
Same author

Using national electronic health records for pandemic preparedness: validation of a parsimonious model for predicting excess deaths among those with COVID-19-a data-driven retrospective cohort study.

Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine·2022
Same author

Right ventricular free wall longitudinal strain is independently associated with mortality in mechanically ventilated patients with COVID-19.

Annals of intensive care·2022
Same author

Prognostic association of plasma NT-proBNP levels in patients with microvascular angina -A report from the international cohort study by COVADIS.

International journal of cardiology. Heart & vasculature·2022
Same author

Retinal microvascular function: a tractable biomarker of cardiovascular risk?

Cardiovascular research·2022
Same author

Comparative effectiveness of initial computed tomography and invasive coronary angiography in women and men with stable chest pain and suspected coronary artery disease: multicentre randomised trial.

BMJ (Clinical research ed.)·2022

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 27, 2026

The Insect Galleria mellonella as a Powerful Infection Model to Investigate Bacterial Pathogenesis
13:00

The Insect Galleria mellonella as a Powerful Infection Model to Investigate Bacterial Pathogenesis

Published on: December 11, 2012

The bacterium, Lysinibacillus sphaericus, as an insect pathogen.

Colin Berry1

  • 1Cardiff School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Park Place, Cardiff CF10 3AT, UK. Berry@cf.ac.uk

Journal of Invertebrate Pathology
|December 6, 2011
PubMed
Summary

Lysinibacillus sphaericus (Ls) offers potent insecticidal properties against mosquito larvae, presenting an environmentally compatible alternative to synthetic chemicals. This review details Ls toxins, including the binary toxin and mosquitocidal Mtx and Cry toxins, for novel pest control applications.

More Related Videos

Phage-Mediated Genetic Manipulation of the Lyme Disease Spirochete Borrelia burgdorferi
09:01

Phage-Mediated Genetic Manipulation of the Lyme Disease Spirochete Borrelia burgdorferi

Published on: September 28, 2022

Isolation, Behavioral Identification, and Pathogenicity Assessment of Entomopathogenic Fungi from a Forest Wood Borer
06:58

Isolation, Behavioral Identification, and Pathogenicity Assessment of Entomopathogenic Fungi from a Forest Wood Borer

Published on: September 29, 2023

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 27, 2026

The Insect Galleria mellonella as a Powerful Infection Model to Investigate Bacterial Pathogenesis
13:00

The Insect Galleria mellonella as a Powerful Infection Model to Investigate Bacterial Pathogenesis

Published on: December 11, 2012

Phage-Mediated Genetic Manipulation of the Lyme Disease Spirochete Borrelia burgdorferi
09:01

Phage-Mediated Genetic Manipulation of the Lyme Disease Spirochete Borrelia burgdorferi

Published on: September 28, 2022

Isolation, Behavioral Identification, and Pathogenicity Assessment of Entomopathogenic Fungi from a Forest Wood Borer
06:58

Isolation, Behavioral Identification, and Pathogenicity Assessment of Entomopathogenic Fungi from a Forest Wood Borer

Published on: September 29, 2023

Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Entomology
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Insecticidal bacteria, particularly Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) and Lysinibacillus sphaericus (Ls), have emerged as crucial alternatives to synthetic chemical insecticides due to environmental concerns and insecticide resistance.
  • Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis (Bti) has been widely used for mosquito control for over 30 years, with numerous commercial formulations available.
  • Lysinibacillus sphaericus (Ls), formerly Bacillus sphaericus, is gaining prominence as a potent mosquito larvicide, though its properties are less understood than Bti.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the critical aspects of Lysinibacillus sphaericus (Ls) and its insecticidal proteins, focusing on their mosquitocidal activity.
  • To summarize the known toxins responsible for Ls's insecticidal efficacy, including those active during sporulation and vegetative growth.
  • To highlight the potential of Ls toxins for developing novel, environmentally compatible insecticidal products.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of published studies on Lysinibacillus sphaericus (Ls) and its insecticidal toxins.
  • Analysis of data concerning the binary toxin, sphaericolysin, Mtx toxins, and Cry toxins produced by Ls.
  • Comparative assessment of Ls's mosquitocidal activity and protein profiles with established agents like Bti.

Main Results:

  • Lysinibacillus sphaericus (Ls) produces potent insecticidal toxins, including the binary toxin in sporulated cells and sphaericolysin, Mtx, and Cry toxins during vegetative growth.
  • The binary toxin is a primary contributor to the insecticidal activity of sporulated Ls cells against mosquito larvae.
  • Other toxins like sphaericolysin show activity against different pests such as cockroaches and caterpillars, indicating a broader insecticidal spectrum.

Conclusions:

  • Lysinibacillus sphaericus (Ls) represents a significant resource for developing effective and environmentally sound insect control strategies.
  • Further research into Ls toxins could lead to the creation of new biopesticides targeting a wide range of insect pests and disease vectors.
  • The detailed understanding of Ls's mosquitocidal proteins supports its role as a key component in integrated pest management programs.