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Related Concept Videos

Atomic Force Microscopy01:08

Atomic Force Microscopy

Atomic force microscopy (AFM) is a type of scanning probe microscopy that can analyze topographic details of various specimens like ceramics, glass, polymers, and biological samples. AFM offers over 1000 times more resolution than the optical imaging system. Images generated from AFM are three-dimensional surface profiles, offering an advantage over the flat, two-dimensional images from other imaging techniques.
The AFM Probe
The probe is regarded as the heart of any AFM setup and comprises the...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 27, 2026

Sample Preparation for Single Virion Atomic Force Microscopy and Super-resolution Fluorescence Imaging
05:31

Sample Preparation for Single Virion Atomic Force Microscopy and Super-resolution Fluorescence Imaging

Published on: January 2, 2014

Localization and force analysis at the single virus particle level using atomic force microscopy.

Chih-Hao Liu1, Jim-Tong Horng, Jeng-Shian Chang

  • 1Institute of Applied Mechanics, Nation Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.

Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications
|December 6, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study introduces a new Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) method to measure single virus unbinding forces and map viral glycoproteins. The technique accurately quantifies forces and antigen distribution on influenza viruses, proving repeatable and broadly applicable.

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Force Spectroscopy of Single Protein Molecules Using an Atomic Force Microscope
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Force Spectroscopy of Single Protein Molecules Using an Atomic Force Microscope
06:45

Force Spectroscopy of Single Protein Molecules Using an Atomic Force Microscope

Published on: February 28, 2019

Area of Science:

  • Nanobiotechnology and Biophysics
  • Virology and Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) is crucial for nanobiotechnology research.
  • Characterizing viral surface proteins and their interactions at the single-particle level is essential for understanding viral behavior and developing antiviral strategies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a novel AFM-based method for simultaneous measurement of unbinding force and mapping of viral glycoproteins at the single virus particle level.
  • To quantify the unbinding force and analyze the distribution of surface antigens on influenza viruses.

Main Methods:

  • A three-stage method was designed, integrating AFM image analysis for particle diameter and antigen-antibody specificity.
  • The method precisely defines the measurement area to a single virus particle before force measurements.
  • Influenza virus was used as the model system for validation.

Main Results:

  • The mean unbinding force of single virus particles was quantified, showing no significant variation among particles.
  • The repeatability of the developed AFM method was demonstrated.
  • Force mapping revealed dispersed distributions of viral antigens across the surface of individual virus particles, with similar binding probabilities between particles.

Conclusions:

  • The proposed AFM method enables accurate, repeatable quantification of single virus unbinding forces and mapping of surface antigen distribution.
  • This approach is versatile and can be implemented on standard AFM systems without specialized equipment.
  • The findings enhance the understanding of force-based analysis at the single virus level, improving AFM's capability for investigating viral surface proteins.