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Related Concept Videos

Glaucoma: Overview01:25

Glaucoma: Overview

Glaucoma is an eye condition characterized by increased intraocular pressure that damages the retina and optic nerve, leading to irreversible blindness if left untreated. The human eye has various components, including the cornea, iris, pupil, lens, and optic nerve. Aqueous humor is secreted by the epithelium of the ciliary body in the posterior chamber and flows through the trabecular meshwork and canal of Schlemm, maintaining normal intraocular pressure. The trabecular meshwork and the canal...
Open Angle Glaucoma: Treatment01:27

Open Angle Glaucoma: Treatment

In open-angle glaucoma, the iridocorneal angle remains open, but the trabecular meshwork becomes stiff, slowing down the outflow of aqueous humor. This causes a buildup of aqueous humor in the anterior chamber, leading to a sudden increase in intraocular pressure. The treatment for open-angle glaucoma focuses on reducing the elevated intraocular pressure by either decreasing the secretion of aqueous humor or increasing its outflow.
Drugs such as carbonic anhydrase inhibitors, α2- and...
Angle Closure Glaucoma: Treatment01:28

Angle Closure Glaucoma: Treatment

Angle-closure glaucoma, or closed-angle glaucoma, is an eye condition where the iris bulges out and blocks the iridocorneal angle, resulting in a buildup of aqueous humor and increased intraocular pressure. Immediate medical attention is necessary due to the sudden onset of symptoms. The treatment for angle-closure glaucoma includes short-term and long-term approaches. Short-term treatment involves using eye drops like pilocarpine to lower intraocular pressure by increasing aqueous humor...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 27, 2026

Translaminar Autonomous System Model for the Modulation of Intraocular and Intracranial Pressure in Human Donor Posterior Segments
08:55

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Head-down posture induces PERG alterations in early glaucoma.

Lori M Ventura1, Iuri Golubev, William Lee

  • 1Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA.

Journal of Glaucoma
|December 6, 2011
PubMed
Summary

Head-down tilt temporarily worsens retinal ganglion cell function in glaucoma patients. This test may identify those susceptible to glaucoma progression.

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Last Updated: May 27, 2026

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Area of Science:

  • Ophthalmology
  • Neuroscience
  • Physiology

Background:

  • Glaucoma is a leading cause of irreversible blindness.
  • Retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) are crucial for vision and vulnerable to damage.
  • Understanding RGC susceptibility to physiological stressors is vital for glaucoma management.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assess the impact of head-down body tilt (HDT) on RGC function.
  • To investigate RGC susceptibility in individuals with suspected or early glaucoma.
  • To evaluate RGC response to physiological stress induced by HDT.

Main Methods:

  • 109 subjects (glaucoma suspects, early manifest glaucoma, controls) underwent HDT.
  • Measurements included intraocular pressure (IOP), pattern electroretinogram (PERG), and blood pressure.
  • PERG amplitude/latency and ocular perfusion pressure were analyzed during baseline, HDT, and recovery.

Main Results:

  • HDT increased IOP similarly across all groups.
  • PERG amplitude decreased significantly in glaucoma patients but not controls.
  • PERG phase delay was more pronounced in glaucoma patients during HDT.
  • RGC function alterations during HDT were more significant in glaucoma patients.

Conclusions:

  • Moderate HDT temporarily impairs RGC function in a subset of glaucoma patients.
  • This noninvasive method may help identify RGC susceptibility in glaucoma.
  • The findings suggest HDT can reveal subtle RGC dysfunction in glaucoma.