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Related Concept Videos

T Cell Types and Functions01:24

T Cell Types and Functions

When T cells with CD4 markers are activated, they give rise to two types of effector cells: helper T cells and regulatory T cells. Meanwhile, T cells with CD8 markers differentiate into effector cytotoxic T cells. The differentiation of CD4 T cells into helper T cell subsets, such as Th1, Th2, and Th17 cells, is dependent on the antigen type, antigen-presenting cell, and regulatory cytokines.
Th1 cells stimulate dendritic cells to express necessary co-stimulatory molecules on their surfaces for...
T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection01:22

T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection

T cells are integral to our adaptive immune system, recognizing and effectively responding to foreign antigens. T cell activation and clonal selection are pivotal in orchestrating this immune response. This article elucidates these mechanisms, detailing the roles of cluster of differentiation (CD) markers, major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules, costimulatory signals, and the process of clonal selection.
Naive T cells that have not yet encountered an antigen express two primary CD...
Cell-mediated Immune Responses01:40

Cell-mediated Immune Responses

Overview
Cells of the Innate Immune Response01:28

Cells of the Innate Immune Response

The innate immune response is an immediate and non-specific response against pathogens, acting swiftly to prevent the spread of infections. The primary cells involved in this response are phagocytes and natural killer (NK) cells.
Phagocytes
Phagocytes police the peripheral tissues by removing cellular debris and responding to the invasion of foreign substances or pathogens. Many phagocytes attack and remove microorganisms even before lymphocytes detect them. The human body has two general...
Cells of the Adaptive Immune Response01:23

Cells of the Adaptive Immune Response

The T and B lymphocytes of the adaptive immune system develop from common lymphoid progenitor cells in the bone marrow. These progenitors give rise to precursors that eventually develop into both T and B lymphocytes. As these precursors mature, they gain the ability to detect and respond to foreign antigens in the body, a process known as immunocompetence. Additionally, these precursors acquire self-tolerance, a process that ensures they do not react to self-antigens. This intricate system...
Hypersensitivity Reactions: Delayed Hypersensitivity Reactions01:29

Hypersensitivity Reactions: Delayed Hypersensitivity Reactions

Delayed-Type Hypersensitivity (DTH), or Type IV hypersensitivity, is a cell-mediated immune response. It occurs when T cells, rather than antibodies, mediate a reaction to specific antigens. It is characterized by a delayed onset (1-2 days) and involves the recruitment of macrophages to the inflammation site.The initiation of a DTH response begins with the sensitization of T cells. During this phase, which lasts at least 1-2 weeks, antigen-specific T cells are activated, clonally expanded, and...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 27, 2026

Isolation and Th17 Differentiation of Naïve CD4 T Lymphocytes
12:59

Isolation and Th17 Differentiation of Naïve CD4 T Lymphocytes

Published on: September 26, 2013

[Th1, Th17 and Th1+17 cells].

H-D Chang1, T Kamradt, H Schulze-Koops

  • 1Deutsches Rheuma-Forschungszentrum Berlin, ein Institut der Leibniz-Gemeinschaft, Berlin, Deutschland. chang@drfz.de

Zeitschrift Fur Rheumatologie
|December 6, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

T helper cells drive rheumatic inflammation via cytokine release. Analyzing Th1, Th17, and Th1+17 cells offers insights into disease mechanisms and potential new therapies for rheumatic diseases.

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In Vitro Differentiation of Mouse Granulocyte-macrophage-colony-stimulating Factor (GM-CSF)-producing T Helper (THGM) Cells

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Last Updated: May 27, 2026

Isolation and Th17 Differentiation of Naïve CD4 T Lymphocytes
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Isolation and Th17 Differentiation of Naïve CD4 T Lymphocytes

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In Vitro Differentiation of Naive CD4+ T Cells into Pathogenic Th17 Cells in Mouse
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In Vitro Differentiation of Naive CD4+ T Cells into Pathogenic Th17 Cells in Mouse

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In Vitro Differentiation of Mouse Granulocyte-macrophage-colony-stimulating Factor (GM-CSF)-producing T Helper (THGM) Cells
10:27

In Vitro Differentiation of Mouse Granulocyte-macrophage-colony-stimulating Factor (GM-CSF)-producing T Helper (THGM) Cells

Published on: September 10, 2018

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Rheumatology
  • Cell Biology

Context:

  • Rheumatic diseases involve chronic inflammation.
  • T helper cells play a crucial role in inflammatory responses.
  • Cytokine secretion by T helper cells contributes to rheumatic inflammation.

Purpose:

  • To investigate the role of specific T helper cell subsets in rheumatic inflammation.
  • To analyze Th1 cells (interferon-γ), Th17 cells (interleukin-17), and Th1+17 cells in rheumatic diseases.
  • To gain insights into the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying rheumatic diseases.

Summary:

  • T helper cells contribute to rheumatic inflammation through cytokine secretion.
  • Analysis of Th1, Th17, and novel Th1+17 cells provides understanding of disease pathogenesis.
  • This research highlights potential therapeutic targets for rheumatic conditions.

Impact:

  • Elucidates the role of distinct T helper cell subsets in rheumatic inflammation.
  • Identifies key cytokines involved in the pathogenesis of rheumatic diseases.
  • Paves the way for developing targeted therapeutic strategies for rheumatic diseases.