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Nociception01:44

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Nociception—the ability to feel pain—is essential for an organism’s survival and overall well-being. Noxious stimuli such as piercing pain from a sharp object, heat from an open flame, or contact with corrosive chemicals are first detected by sensory receptors, called nociceptors, located on nerve endings. Nociceptors express ion channels that convert noxious stimuli into electrical signals. When these signals reach the brain via sensory neurons, they are perceived as pain. Thus, pain helps the...
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Acute Inflammation III: Local and Systemic Effects

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Pain is critical to various clinical pathologies, provoking an urgent need for effective management. Pain, whether acute or chronic, is a complex neurochemical process. Its alleviation depends on the type, with nonopioid analgesics effective for mild to moderate pain, such as musculoskeletal or inflammatory pain, while neuropathic pain responds best to anticonvulsants, tricyclic antidepressants, or serotonin/norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors. For severe acute or chronic pain, opioids may be...

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Analysis of Raw and Processed Cyperi Rhizoma Samples Using Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry in Rats with Primary Dysmenorrhea
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Carvacrol attenuates mechanical hypernociception and inflammatory response.

Adriana G Guimarães1, Maria A Xavier, Marília T de Santana

  • 1Laboratório de Farmacologia Pré-Clinica, Departamento de Fisiologia, Universidade Federal de Sergipe (LAPEC/DFS/UFS), São Cristóvão, Sergipe, Brazil.

Naunyn-Schmiedeberg'S Archives of Pharmacology
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Summary

Carvacrol, a natural compound, effectively reduces pain and inflammation in mice by inhibiting key inflammatory mediators like tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α). This suggests carvacrol

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Area of Science:

  • Pharmacology
  • Natural Products Chemistry
  • Pain Management

Background:

  • Carvacrol is a phenolic monoterpene found in Lamiaceae family essential oils.
  • Previous studies indicated carvacrol's analgesic properties, potentially linked to its antioxidant effects.
  • The precise mechanisms underlying carvacrol's anti-hypernociceptive and anti-inflammatory actions required further investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the anti-hypernociceptive and anti-inflammatory effects of carvacrol in mouse models.
  • To investigate the involvement of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), prostaglandin E(2) (PGE(2)), and dopamine in carvacrol's activity.
  • To assess carvacrol's impact on inflammatory responses and cellular cytotoxicity.

Main Methods:

  • Mechanical hypernociception and edema were induced by carrageenan in mice.
  • Systemic carvacrol administration (50 or 100 mg/kg) was employed.
  • Levels of TNF-α, PGE(2), and dopamine were assessed, along with leukocyte recruitment in pleurisy and nitrite production in macrophages.

Main Results:

  • Carvacrol (50 or 100 mg/kg) significantly inhibited carrageenan-induced mechanical hypernociception, edema, and TNF-α levels.
  • Carvacrol reduced leukocyte recruitment in pleurisy but did not affect hypernociception induced by PGE(2) or dopamine.
  • In vitro, carvacrol suppressed lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced nitrite production in macrophages without causing cytotoxicity.

Conclusions:

  • Carvacrol exhibits significant anti-hypernociceptive and anti-inflammatory effects, primarily through TNF-α inhibition.
  • These findings highlight carvacrol's potential as a therapeutic agent for painful and inflammatory conditions.
  • Carvacrol's safety profile is supported by its lack of cytotoxicity in macrophages and no impact on locomotor activity.