A double-blind atropine trial for active learning of autonomic function

Area of Science:

• Human Physiology
• Pharmacology
• Neuroscience

Background:

• Undergraduate laboratory classes are crucial for experiential learning in science.
• Integrating human subjects in physiology labs enhances student engagement and understanding of physiological responses.
• Teaching experimental design principles like double-blind placebo-controlled trials is essential for scientific integrity.

Purpose of the Study:

• To describe a human physiology laboratory class focused on autonomic function.
• To educate students on the interplay between physiology and pharmacology using atropine.
• To impart knowledge on experimental design, data analysis, and scientific reporting.

Main Methods:

• Students served as their own subjects to measure autonomic responses to atropine.
• A double-blind placebo-controlled approach was implemented to minimize bias.
• Measurements included pulse rate, pupil diameter, and salivary flow.
• Atropine was administered via subcutaneous injection and oral routes (liquid and solid).

Main Results:

• Subcutaneous atropine significantly increased pulse rate and pupil diameter, and decreased salivary flow.
• Oral atropine (liquid) affected pulse rate and salivary flow, while oral atropine (solid) primarily altered salivary flow.
• Analysis revealed distinct differences in the onset and magnitude of atropine's effects based on administration route and formulation.

Conclusions:

• The laboratory class effectively integrates human physiology, pharmacology, and experimental methodology.
• Students gain practical experience in autonomic function assessment and scientific investigation.
• The study underscores the importance of considering administration route and formulation in pharmacological interventions.