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Related Concept Videos

Animal Mitochondrial Genetics02:59

Animal Mitochondrial Genetics

Among all the organelles in an animal cell, only mitochondria have their own independent genomes. Animal mitochondrial DNA is a double-stranded, closed-circular molecule with around 20,000 base pairs. Mitochondrial DNA is unique in that one of its two strands, the heavy, or H, -strand is guanine rich, whereas the complementary strand is cytosine rich and called the light, or L, -strand. Compared to nuclear DNA, mitochondrial DNA has a very low percentage of non-coding regions and is marked by...
Comparing Mitochondrial, Chloroplast, and Prokaryotic Genomes02:16

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The present-day mitochondrial and chloroplast genomes have retained some of the characteristics of their ancestral prokaryotes and also have acquired new attributes during their evolution within eukaryotic cells. Like prokaryotic genomes, mitochondrial and chloroplast genomes neither bind with histone-like proteins nor show complex packaging into chromosome-like structures, as observed in eukaryotes. Unlike mitotic cell divisions observed in eukaryotic cells, mitochondria and chloroplasts...
Human Genetics01:28

Human Genetics

Human genetics provides a profound framework for understanding the interplay between genetic predispositions and human psychology. At the heart of this discipline lies the study of how genes influence physical traits, behaviors, and susceptibility to diseases. Each person carries a unique genetic code that subtly or significantly shapes their psychological and behavioral landscape.
The complex relationship between genetics and psychology is observable through common biological components such...
Export of Mitochondrial and Chloroplast Genes02:19

Export of Mitochondrial and Chloroplast Genes

A eukaryotic cell can have up to three different types of genetic systems: nuclear, mitochondrial, and chloroplast. During evolution, organelles have exported many genes to the nucleus; this transfer is still ongoing in some plant species. Approximately 18% of the Arabidopsis thaliana nuclear genome is thought to be derived from the chloroplast’s cyanobacterial ancestor, and around 75% of the yeast genome derived from the mitochondria’s bacterial ancestor. This export has occurred irrespective...
Mitochondrial Precursor Proteins01:39

Mitochondrial Precursor Proteins

Mitochondrial precursors are partially unfolded or loosely folded polypeptide chains. Newly synthesized precursors are inhibited from spontaneously folding into their native conformation by the cytosolic chaperones, heat shock proteins 70 (Hsp70), and mitochondrial import stimulation factors (MSFs). Precursors bound to MSFs are guided to the TOM70-TOM37 receptors, while precursors bound to Hsp70  chaperones are targetted to TOM20-TOM22 receptor complexes.
Most of the mitochondrial precursors...

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Targeted Next-generation Sequencing and Bioinformatics Pipeline to Evaluate Genetic Determinants of Constitutional Disease
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HmtDB, a genomic resource for mitochondrion-based human variability studies.

Francesco Rubino1, Roberta Piredda, Francesco Maria Calabrese

  • 1Dipartimento di Biochimica e Biologia Molecolare E Quagliariello, Università degli studi di Bari, Bari 70126, Italy.

Nucleic Acids Research
|December 6, 2011
PubMed
Summary

HmtDB is a manually curated database for human mitochondrial genome sequences, supporting population genetics and disease research. It offers tools for haplogroup prediction and sequence analysis, enhancing data accessibility and quality.

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Area of Science:

  • Genetics
  • Bioinformatics
  • Population Genetics

Background:

  • Human mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) is crucial for population genetics and understanding mitochondrial diseases.
  • Existing resources may lack comprehensive population and variability data or user-friendly analysis tools.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To introduce HmtDB, a novel database resource for human mitochondrial genome sequences.
  • To provide integrated population and variability data with advanced analysis tools for researchers.

Main Methods:

  • HmtDB integrates human mitochondrial genome sequences with manually curated population and variability data.
  • SiteVar software is employed for site-specific nucleotide and amino acid variability calculations.
  • Haplogroup classification is performed using Phylotree system-based tools.

Main Results:

  • HmtDB offers a browsable database with multi-criterion querying capabilities.
  • Includes tools for predicting haplogroups of new or existing mitochondrial genomes.
  • Provides downloadable multi-alignments and variability data for external analysis.

Conclusions:

  • HmtDB serves as a valuable, high-quality resource for population genetics and mitochondrial disease research.
  • The integrated data and classification tools facilitate advanced analysis of human mitochondrial genomes.
  • HmtDB enhances accessibility and utility of human mitochondrial genome data for the scientific community.