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Related Concept Videos

Epigenetic Regulation01:37

Epigenetic Regulation

Epigenetic changes alter the physical structure of the DNA without changing the genetic sequence and often regulate whether genes are turned on or off. This regulation ensures that each cell produces only proteins necessary for its function. For example, proteins that promote bone growth are not produced in muscle cells. Epigenetic mechanisms play an essential role in healthy development. Conversely, precisely regulated epigenetic mechanisms are disrupted in diseases like cancer.
X-chromosome...
Epigenetic Regulation01:46

Epigenetic Regulation

Epigenetic mechanisms play an essential role in healthy development. Conversely, precisely regulated epigenetic mechanisms are disrupted in diseases like cancer.
Epigenetic Regulation01:46

Epigenetic Regulation

Epigenetic mechanisms play an essential role in healthy development. Conversely, precisely regulated epigenetic mechanisms are disrupted in diseases like cancer.
Inheritance of Chromatin Structures03:17

Inheritance of Chromatin Structures

Epigenetics is the study of inherited changes in a cell's phenotype without changing the DNA sequences. It provides a form of memory for the differential gene expression pattern to maintain cell lineage, position-effect variegation, dosage compensation, and maintenance of chromatin structures such as telomeres and centromeres. For example, the structure and location of the centromere on chromosomes are epigenetically inherited. Its functionality is not dictated or ensured by the underlying DNA...
Genomic Imprinting and Inheritance02:30

Genomic Imprinting and Inheritance

Diploid organisms inherit genetic material through chromosomes from both parents. Copies of the same gene are known as alleles. In most cases, both alleles are simultaneously expressed and allow various cellular processes to function optimally. If one of the alleles is missing or mutated, the expression of the other allele can compensate; however, this is not true for all genes.
The expression of some genes depends on which parent passed the gene to the offspring, through a phenomenon known as...
Gastrulation01:56

Gastrulation

Gastrulation establishes the three primary tissues of an embryo: the ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm. This developmental process relies on a series of intricate cellular movements, which in humans transforms a flat, “bilaminar disc” composed of two cell sheets into a three-tiered structure. In the resulting embryo, the endoderm serves as the bottom layer, and stacked directly above it is the intermediate mesoderm, and then the uppermost ectoderm. Respectively, these tissue strata will form...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 27, 2026

Chromatin Immunoprecipitation Assay for Tissue-specific Genes using Early-stage Mouse Embryos
11:02

Chromatin Immunoprecipitation Assay for Tissue-specific Genes using Early-stage Mouse Embryos

Published on: April 29, 2011

The epigenome in early vertebrate development.

Ozren Bogdanović1, Simon J van Heeringen, Gert Jan C Veenstra

  • 1Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science, Nijmegen Centre of Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.

Genesis (New York, N.Y. : 2000)
|December 6, 2011
PubMed
Summary

Cellular potential is governed by epigenetic regulation, impacting developmental origins and genome annotation. This review explores chromatin states in Xenopus and vertebrates, highlighting key histone modifications during early embryogenesis.

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Metabolic Labeling of the Nascent Transcriptome in Xenopus Early Embryogenesis
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Metabolic Labeling of the Nascent Transcriptome in Xenopus Early Embryogenesis

Published on: March 27, 2026

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 27, 2026

Chromatin Immunoprecipitation Assay for Tissue-specific Genes using Early-stage Mouse Embryos
11:02

Chromatin Immunoprecipitation Assay for Tissue-specific Genes using Early-stage Mouse Embryos

Published on: April 29, 2011

An Integrated Platform for Genome-wide Mapping of Chromatin States Using High-throughput ChIP-sequencing in Tumor Tissues
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An Integrated Platform for Genome-wide Mapping of Chromatin States Using High-throughput ChIP-sequencing in Tumor Tissues

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Metabolic Labeling of the Nascent Transcriptome in Xenopus Early Embryogenesis
06:46

Metabolic Labeling of the Nascent Transcriptome in Xenopus Early Embryogenesis

Published on: March 27, 2026

Area of Science:

  • Developmental Biology
  • Epigenetics
  • Genomics

Background:

  • Cellular commitment and response potential are dictated by epigenetic regulation.
  • The embryonic genome is transcriptionally quiescent post-fertilization in most metazoans.
  • Chromatin state influences developmental trajectories and gene expression patterns.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the developmental origins of chromatin state in Xenopus and other vertebrates.
  • To provide an overview of chromatin state's use in genome annotation.
  • To compare pluripotent chromatin characteristics between Xenopus and mammalian embryos.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review focusing on epigenetic mechanisms in vertebrate development.
  • Analysis of histone modifications (H3K4me3, H3K27me3) during early embryonic stages.
  • Comparative study of chromatin states in Xenopus and mammalian pluripotent cells.

Main Results:

  • Active histone modifications like H3K4me3 are present in pluripotent blastula embryos.
  • Repressive marks such as H3K27me3 increase during late blastula and gastrula stages.
  • Polycomb-mediated H3K27me3 restricts ectopic lineage-specific gene expression.
  • Xenopus pluripotent chromatin is less constrained than the more enforced mammalian counterpart.

Conclusions:

  • Epigenetic regulation, particularly histone modifications, is crucial for controlling developmental potential.
  • Understanding chromatin states aids in genome annotation and deciphering developmental processes.
  • Differences in pluripotent chromatin between species highlight diverse regulatory strategies.