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Related Concept Videos

Complexometric Titration: Ligands00:43

Complexometric Titration: Ligands

Different monodentate and polydentate ligands are used as complexing agents in complexometric titration reactions. The formation of complexes by mono- and bidentate ligands involves two or more intermediate steps, limiting their use as complexing agents. In comparison, polydentate ligands can form complexes with metal ions in a single-step process, facilitating sharper end points. This means polydentate ligands, such as amino carboxylic acid derivatives, are most commonly employed in...
EDTA: Chemistry and Properties01:22

EDTA: Chemistry and Properties

Polydentate ligands are most widely used in complexometric titrations because they form more stable complexes with the metal ions than mono- or bidentate ligands due to the chelate effect. Examples of polydentate ligands are ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), crown ethers, and cryptands. The most important feature of optimal polydentate ligands is the ability to form 1:1 complexes in a single-step process. Amino carboxylic acid derivatives are frequently used as complexing agents. EDTA is...
Complexometric Titration: Overview00:39

Complexometric Titration: Overview

Complexometric titration involves the formation of a complex by reacting a metal ion with one or more ligands. A visual indicator often detects the end point of a complexometric titration. It is added to the metal solution before the titration, forming a stable metal–indicator complex and imparting color to the solution. As the titration approaches the equivalence point, the excess of the added ligand displaces the indicator from the metal–indicator complex, releasing the free indicator. The...
EDTA: Auxiliary Complexing Reagents01:26

EDTA: Auxiliary Complexing Reagents

EDTA titrations are usually carried out in highly basic conditions, where the fully deprotonated form of EDTA, Y4−, actively complexes with the free metal ions in the solution. Several metal ions precipitate as hydrous oxide (hydroxides, oxides, or oxyhydroxides) under these conditions, lowering the concentration of free metal ions in the solution. For this reason, auxiliary complexing agents or ligands such as ammonia, tartrate, citrate, or triethanolamine are used in EDTA titrations to...
Valence Bond Theory02:42

Valence Bond Theory

Coordination compounds and complexes exhibit different colors, geometries, and magnetic behavior, depending on the metal atom/ion and ligands from which they are composed. In an attempt to explain the bonding and structure of coordination complexes, Linus Pauling proposed the valence bond theory, or VBT, using the concepts of hybridization and the overlapping of the atomic orbitals. According to VBT, the central metal atom or ion (Lewis acid) hybridizes to provide empty orbitals of suitable...
Complexation Equilibria: The Chelate Effect01:19

Complexation Equilibria: The Chelate Effect

In complexation reactions, metal atoms or cations interact with ligands to form donor-acceptor adducts called metal complexes. Ligands that bind through one donor site are monodentate, ligands with two donor sites are bidentate, and those with more than two donor sites are polydentate ligands. For example, ethylene diamine is a bidentate ligand that binds through two nitrogen donor atoms, forming a five-membered ring. EDTA is a polydentate ligand that binds through four oxygen and two nitrogen...

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Preparation, Purification, and Characterization of Lanthanide Complexes for Use as Contrast Agents for Magnetic Resonance Imaging
13:21

Preparation, Purification, and Characterization of Lanthanide Complexes for Use as Contrast Agents for Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Published on: July 21, 2011

A self-assembled complex with a titanium(IV) catecholate core as a potential bimodal contrast agent.

Geert Dehaen1, Svetlana V Eliseeva, Kristof Kimpe

  • 1Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Department of Chemistry, Celestijnenlaan 200F, P.O. Box 2404, 3001 Heverlee, Belgium.

Chemistry (Weinheim an Der Bergstrasse, Germany)
|December 6, 2011
PubMed
Summary

A novel metallostar complex, formed by a ditopic ligand and lanthanide/titanium ions, shows promise as a bimodal imaging agent. This supramolecular structure exhibits high relaxivity for MRI and green luminescence for optical imaging.

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Preparation and In Vitro Characterization of Dendrimer-based Contrast Agents for Magnetic Resonance Imaging
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Preparation, Purification, and Characterization of Lanthanide Complexes for Use as Contrast Agents for Magnetic Resonance Imaging
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Preparation and In Vitro Characterization of Dendrimer-based Contrast Agents for Magnetic Resonance Imaging
11:27

Preparation and In Vitro Characterization of Dendrimer-based Contrast Agents for Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Published on: December 4, 2016

Area of Science:

  • Supramolecular Chemistry
  • Coordination Chemistry
  • Materials Science

Background:

  • Development of advanced contrast agents for multimodal imaging is crucial for early disease detection.
  • Lanthanide complexes are widely explored for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and optical imaging due to their unique magnetic and luminescent properties.
  • Designing ligands that can effectively coordinate multiple metal ions is key to creating sophisticated imaging agents.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To synthesize and characterize a novel ditopic chelating ligand and its supramolecular complex with lanthanide and titanium ions.
  • To evaluate the potential of the resulting metallostar complex as a bimodal imaging agent for MRI and optical imaging.
  • To investigate the relaxivity, luminescence, and protein-binding properties of the metallostar complex.

Main Methods:

  • Design and synthesis of a ditopic ligand combining catechol and diethylenetriamine-N,N,N',N'',N''-pentaacetate (DTPA) functionalities.
  • Self-assembly of the ligand with lanthanide(III) and titanium(IV) ions to form a 3:1 lanthanide-to-titanium metallostar complex.
  • Nuclear magnetic relaxation dispersion (NMRD) measurements to assess relaxivity and protein binding.
  • UV-Vis spectroscopy and luminescence measurements to evaluate optical properties.

Main Results:

  • A ditopic ligand (H(6)4) was synthesized, capable of binding lanthanide(III) ions at the DTPA core.
  • A supramolecular metallostar complex, [(Ln4)(3)Ti(H(2)O)(3)](5-), was formed with a 3:1 lanthanide-to-titanium ratio.
  • The gadolinium-containing complex exhibited high r(1) relaxivity (36.9 s(-1) mM(-1)) due to decreased tumbling rate.
  • The complex demonstrated broad-band green luminescence (400-750 nm, max 490 nm) upon UV irradiation.
  • The complex showed binding affinity to human serum albumin (HSA).

Conclusions:

  • The synthesized metallostar complex is a promising lead compound for developing efficient bimodal contrast agents.
  • The combination of high MRI relaxivity and luminescence properties makes it suitable for multimodal imaging applications.
  • Further development could lead to advanced diagnostic tools with improved sensitivity and specificity.