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Related Concept Videos

Adrenal Gland Disorders01:27

Adrenal Gland Disorders

Adrenal gland disorders manifest when the production of adrenal hormones deviates from the norm, resulting in either excessive or insufficient concentrations.
Adrenal insufficiency, characterized by insufficient cortisol and aldosterone production, leads to conditions like Addison's disease. This disorder, affecting the adrenal cortex, exhibits symptoms such as skin bronzing, dehydration, low blood pressure, fatigue, and weight loss. Congenital adrenal hyperplasia, a genetic ailment causing...
Cushing Syndrome II: Pathophysiology01:19

Cushing Syndrome II: Pathophysiology

Cortisol production is normally governed by the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis, which maintains hormonal balance through tightly regulated feedback mechanisms. Disruption of this regulatory system is central to the development of Cushing syndrome, whether the excess cortisol originates from external medications or internal pathology. Persistent cortisol elevation alters metabolism, immune function, and endocrine signaling, producing the characteristic clinical features of the...
Cushing Syndrome I: Introduction01:26

Cushing Syndrome I: Introduction

Cushing syndrome refers to the collection of clinical manifestations that arise when tissues are exposed to excessive amounts of cortisol or cortisol-like medications over an extended period. Cortisol, a glucocorticoid produced by the adrenal cortex, regulates metabolism, immune responses, and the body’s adaptation to stress. When its concentration remains chronically elevated, these physiological pathways become dysregulated, resulting in the characteristic features of the syndrome.Exogenous...
Hormones of the Adrenal Glands01:31

Hormones of the Adrenal Glands

Adrenal hormones play a pivotal role in maintaining the body's electrolyte balance and orchestrating responses to stress, showcasing the intricate functions of the adrenal cortex and medulla.
The adrenal cortex, a powerhouse of hormone synthesis, generates over two dozen corticosteroid hormones. The zona glomerulosa produces mineralocorticoids, exemplified by aldosterone, influencing the electrolyte composition of body fluids. The synthesis of glucocorticoids such as cortisol and corticosterone...
Anatomy of the Adrenal Glands01:17

Anatomy of the Adrenal Glands

The adrenal or supra-renal glands, situated above the kidneys and aligned with the twelfth rib, are paired pyramid-shaped structures crucial for the body's stress response. During stress, these glands secrete hormones vital for adaptive physiological reactions.
These glands possess a distinctive yellow tinge due to the stored cholesterol and fatty acids required for hormone synthesis. They are encased in a fibrous capsule and cushioned by fat.
The adrenal gland comprises two distinct regions...
Nephrotic Syndrome II : Assessment and Medical Management01:26

Nephrotic Syndrome II : Assessment and Medical Management

IntroductionNephrotic syndrome is a kidney disorder marked by excessive protein loss in the urine, leading to various systemic complications. This condition often results from damage to the glomeruli—the kidney's filtering units—causing proteinuria, low blood protein levels, and fluid retention. Understanding the assessment, diagnosis, and management of nephrotic syndrome is essential for effective treatment and prevention of further kidney damage.AssessmentPatient History: Document any history...

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A Novel Method: Super-selective Adrenal Venous Sampling
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Adrenal disease update 2011.

Robert M Carey1

  • 1Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, Virginia 22908-1414, USA. rmc4c@virginia.edu

The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism
|December 7, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This review summarizes recent clinical advances in adrenal disorders, covering both cortical and medullary conditions. It highlights key discoveries impacting the diagnosis and treatment of adrenal diseases.

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Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Adrenal Disorders
  • Clinical Medicine

Background:

  • The adrenal glands play a crucial role in hormone production and regulation.
  • Advances in understanding adrenal pathophysiology are essential for clinical practice.
  • Adrenal disorders encompass a range of conditions affecting both the adrenal cortex and medulla.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide clinicians with a concise summary of significant clinical advances in adrenal disorders.
  • To highlight key research published over an 18-month period (December 2009 - May 2011).
  • To focus on discoveries influencing the diagnosis and treatment of adrenal diseases.

Main Methods:

  • Review of adrenal articles from major endocrinology and general medical journals.
  • Selection based on novel discoveries, clinical relevance, and impact on patient care.
  • Inclusion of both adrenal cortical and medullary disorders.

Main Results:

  • Identification of key advances in adrenal pathophysiology.
  • Highlighting of studies addressing important clinical questions in adrenal disease.
  • Focus on research that significantly influences diagnostic and therapeutic strategies.

Conclusions:

  • Clinicians benefit from a curated overview of recent adrenal disorder research.
  • Novel discoveries and clinical insights are crucial for advancing patient care.
  • A comprehensive understanding of both cortical and medullary disorders is necessary.