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Related Concept Videos

Esophageal Achalasia01:27

Esophageal Achalasia

Esophageal achalasia is a chronic neurogenic disorder characterized by impaired relaxation of the lower esophageal sphincter (LES) and absent or ineffective peristalsis in the distal esophagus. This leads to a functional obstruction without a physical blockage, despite significant disruption of esophageal motility.EtiologyAchalasia is caused by degeneration of the myenteric (Auerbach's) plexus, specifically the loss of inhibitory ganglion cells that produce vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP)...
Acute Pharyngitis01:30

Acute Pharyngitis

Introduction
Acute pharyngitis is the inflammation of the back of the throat (pharynx), commonly resulting in a sore throat. It is a frequently encountered condition that prompts individuals to seek medical advice.
Classification
Acute pharyngitis can be categorized based on its underlying cause:
Gastritis-II: Pathophysiology01:17

Gastritis-II: Pathophysiology

Gastritis is marked by disruption of the mucosal barrier that usually protects the stomach tissue from digestive juices and manifests in acute and chronic forms.
In acute gastritis, the gastric mucosa becomes swollen and red and undergoes superficial erosion. Superficial ulceration may lead to bleeding.
In chronic gastritis, persistent or repeated insults lead to chronic inflammatory changes and, eventually, thinning or atrophy of the gastric tissue.
Gastritis can stem from various causes, each...
Chronic Pharyngitis01:23

Chronic Pharyngitis

Chronic pharyngitis refers to persistent inflammation of the pharyngial mucosa.
Etiology
It often arises from persistent viral or bacterial infections affecting sinuses and tonsils.
Additional contributing factors include inadequate dental hygiene, mouth breathing, recurring tonsillitis, allergic rhinitis, laryngopharyngeal reflux, and exposure to smoke, chemicals, and other environmental pollutants. Allergic reactions to pollen, mold, and pet dander, chronic cough, excessive voice usage,...
Drugs for Peptic Ulcer Disease: Sucralfate as Mucosal Protective Agents01:24

Drugs for Peptic Ulcer Disease: Sucralfate as Mucosal Protective Agents

In the intricate landscape of the gastric lumen, excessive acid secretion disrupts the natural defense mechanisms, weakening the mucus-bicarbonate barrier. This vulnerability allows pepsin to infiltrate epithelial cells, digesting mucosal proteins and triggering erosion, leading to ulcer formation.
In this scenario, mucosal protective agents like sucralfate play an essential role. Sucralfate, a complex of sulfated sucrose and aluminum hydroxide, demonstrates its usefulness in acidic conditions,...
Gastritis II: Pathophysiology01:26

Gastritis II: Pathophysiology

The pathophysiology of gastritis begins with the colonization of the stomach lining by Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori). This bacterium spreads mainly via the oral-oral route through saliva or shared utensils, and can also be transmitted in overcrowded or unhygienic environments through contaminated water, despite its brief survival outside the body.ColonizationOnce ingested, H. pylori enters the stomach and begins colonization by navigating through the mucus layer lining the stomach wall. It...

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Recurrent Herpetic Stromal Keratitis in Mice, a Model for Studying Human HSK
07:27

Recurrent Herpetic Stromal Keratitis in Mice, a Model for Studying Human HSK

Published on: December 18, 2012

Recurrent aphthous stomatitis.

L Preeti1, Kt Magesh, K Rajkumar

  • 1Department of Oral Pathology, SRM Dental College, Ramapuram, India.

Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology : JOMFP
|December 7, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Recurrent aphthous ulcers, or canker sores, are common oral sores. This review covers their symptoms, diagnosis, and the latest treatments for this condition.

Keywords:
Diagnostic criteriarecurrent aphthous stomatitisstress ulcersulcer activity index immunomodulation

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Examination of Oral Candida Infection in Primary Sjögren's Syndrome Patients
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Examination of Oral Candida Infection in Primary Sjögren's Syndrome Patients

Published on: March 1, 2024

Area of Science:

  • Oral Medicine
  • Dermatology
  • Immunology

Background:

  • Recurrent aphthous ulcers (RAU) are prevalent, painful oral mucosal lesions.
  • The exact causes (etiopathogenesis) of RAU are not fully understood.
  • RAU significantly impacts patients' quality of life due to pain and eating difficulties.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the clinical characteristics of recurrent aphthous ulcers.
  • To outline current diagnostic criteria for recurrent aphthous stomatitis.
  • To summarize recent advancements in the management of RAU.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of relevant studies and clinical guidelines.
  • Synthesis of information on epidemiology, etiology, and clinical presentation.
  • Analysis of current therapeutic strategies and emerging treatments.

Main Results:

  • RAU presents with characteristic ulcerations in the oral cavity.
  • Diagnosis is primarily clinical, based on ulcer appearance, recurrence, and history.
  • Management strategies include topical corticosteroids, systemic medications, and lifestyle modifications.

Conclusions:

  • Accurate diagnosis of RAU is crucial for effective management.
  • A multidisciplinary approach may be beneficial for complex cases.
  • Ongoing research aims to elucidate RAU pathogenesis and develop targeted therapies.