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Related Concept Videos

Hypertension III: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Studies01:30

Hypertension III: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Studies

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Hypertension is asymptomatic and also referred to as the "silent killer" until it progresses to a severe stage or causes target organ disease. Patients may experience symptoms stemming from the strain on blood vessels and tissues in various organs or the heart's increased workload.Physical exams might show no abnormalities other than high blood pressure. Signs of vascular damage, when present, correspond to the organs supplied by the affected vessels, leading to target organ damage. For...
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Hypertension II: Pathophysiology01:29

Hypertension II: Pathophysiology

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Hypertension is a chronic condition in which the blood's force against artery walls is excessively high, posing risks such as heart disease. The condition's underlying mechanisms involve complex interactions among the cardiovascular, kidney, and autonomic nervous systems.Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System (RAAS): This system significantly influences blood pressure regulation. When blood pressure decreases, the kidneys secrete renin. This enzyme transforms angiotensinogen, a plasma protein,...
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Hypertension I: Introduction01:28

Hypertension I: Introduction

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Hypertension is a widespread, long-term medical condition where blood pressure in the arteries remains elevated. It is characterized by systolic blood pressure readings of 130 mm Hg or above or diastolic blood pressure (DBP) readings of 80 mm Hg or higher. Unmanaged hypertension poses significant health risks, making the distinction between primary (or essential) hypertension and secondary hypertension crucial, as their management and implications vary.Primary HypertensionPrimary hypertension,...
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Hypertension V: Nursing Management01:23

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The nursing management of hypertension involves accurately assessing symptoms, making a comprehensive nursing diagnosis, collaborating with patients to set goals, and implementing targeted interventions to mitigate the condition's impact and improve patient well-being.Comprehensive AssessmentThe initial step in nursing care for hypertension involves a thorough patient assessment. It includes evaluating symptoms such as headaches, dizziness, blurred vision, and previous hypertension episodes.
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Hypertension and Regulation of Blood Pressure01:18

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Hypertension, the most common cardiovascular disease, is diagnosed through repeated measurements of elevated blood pressure. Its risks, including damage to the kidney, heart, and brain, are directly proportional to blood pressure levels. Starting from 115/75 mm Hg, the risk of cardiovascular disease doubles with each increment of 20/10 mm Hg. The diagnosis relies on blood pressure measurements, not on patient symptoms, as hypertension is often asymptomatic until end-organ damage is imminent or...
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Pulmonary Hypertension: Classification and Pathogenesis01:30

Pulmonary Hypertension: Classification and Pathogenesis

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Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a severe health condition in which the mean pulmonary arterial pressure increases to 25 mmHg or more, even when the body is at rest. This high pressure in the blood vessels that transport blood from the heart to the lungs can cause various symptoms, including shortness of breath, can lead to right heart failure, and significantly affect the overall quality of life.
There are various classifications for PH, each relating to different underlying causes and also...
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Related Experiment Video

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Evaluation of Right Ventricular Function in Experimental Models of Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension
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Mineralocorticoid hypertension.

Vishal Gupta1

  • 1Department of Endocrinology, Jaslok Hospital and Research Center, 15 - Deshmukh Marg, Mumbai, India.

Indian Journal of Endocrinology and Metabolism
|December 7, 2011
PubMed
Summary

Mineralcorticoid hypertension, a cause of high blood pressure, is diagnosed using plasma aldosterone-to-renin ratio and confirmed with adrenal venous sampling. Treatment involves surgery or medication to manage blood pressure and potassium levels.

Keywords:
Aldosteronealdosteronismangiotensinendocrine hypertensionhypertensioninherited hypertensionmineralocorticoid hypertensionreninsecondary hypertension

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Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Nephrology
  • Cardiovascular Medicine

Background:

  • Hypertension affects 10-25% of the population and is a major risk factor for cardiovascular and renal diseases.
  • The renin-angiotensin system plays a key role in the pathophysiology of primary and secondary hypertension.
  • Primary aldosteronism prevalence rises with hypertension severity, reaching 20% in resistant cases.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the spectrum of mineralocorticoid hypertension, its clinical presentation, diagnostic tools, and therapeutic strategies.
  • To highlight the importance of identifying and managing mineralocorticoid hypertension for better patient outcomes.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies on mineralocorticoid hypertension.
  • Analysis of diagnostic approaches including plasma aldosterone-to-renin ratio and adrenal venous sampling.
  • Evaluation of current and emerging treatment options, encompassing surgical and medical therapies.

Main Results:

  • Mineralocorticoid hypertension encompasses diverse conditions, including aldosterone-producing and non-aldosterone mineralocorticoid excess syndromes.
  • Clinical signs include hypertension, hypokalemia, and alkalosis.
  • The plasma aldosterone concentration to plasma renin activity ratio is the optimal screening test, with adrenal venous sampling and CT scans being key diagnostic tools.

Conclusions:

  • Effective management of mineralocorticoid hypertension requires accurate diagnosis and tailored treatment, ranging from adrenalectomy for unilateral disease to medical management for bilateral or idiopathic cases.
  • Future therapies like direct aldosterone synthetase antagonists show promise for improved blood pressure and hypokalemia control.