[Hemodynamic types in pilots and their clinical and expert-evaluation significance]

At the present time two approaches to the hemodynamics types can be distinguished in the literature: some authors maintain that they are variants of the norm, while others claim that they emerge in the course of disease. The purpose of the present investigation was to study the different viewpoints and to clarity the clinical and diagnostic role of hemodynamics types in aviation medicine. Altogether 293 pilots were examined, 49 of which were essentially healthy and 244 had various cardiovascular pathologies. It was found that the percentage ratio of the hemodynamics types in the subjects with neurocirculatory dystonia of the hypertensive type, stage I hypertensive disease, myocardiodystrophy and myocarditic myocardiosclerosis was the same (p less than 0.05) as in the healthy pilots. This indicates that hemodynamics types do not originate during disease, being rather variations of the norm. During orthostatic tests some subjects exhibited transition of one hemodynamic type to the other (e. g., hyperkinetic-to-eukinetic type transition, p less than 0.05); however, during the very first minute after exposure 90% of the subjects displayed their inherent types which pointed to their stability. Identification of the hemodynamics types in combination with measurement of central and peripheral circulation as well as bioelectric activity of the heart at rest and during orthostatic tests can improve the sensitivity of methods used to detect pathological changes at early stages and help to choose adequate rehabilitation procedures.