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Updated: May 26, 2026

Isolation and Identification of Waterborne Antibiotic-Resistant Bacteria and Molecular Characterization of their Antibiotic Resistance Genes

Isolation and Identification of Waterborne Antibiotic-Resistant Bacteria and Molecular Characterization of their Antibiotic Resistance Genes

Published on: March 3, 2023

Next-generation systemic acquired resistance.

Estrella Luna¹, Toby J A Bruce, Michael R Roberts

¹Department of Animal and Plant Sciences, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TN, United Kingdom.

Plant Physiology

|December 8, 2011

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Plant immunity can be epigenetically inherited. Arabidopsis plants exposed to a pathogen developed transgenerational systemic acquired resistance (SAR), showing enhanced defense against future attacks through epigenetic modifications.

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Last Updated: May 26, 2026

Isolation and Identification of Waterborne Antibiotic-Resistant Bacteria and Molecular Characterization of their Antibiotic Resistance Genes

Isolation and Identification of Waterborne Antibiotic-Resistant Bacteria and Molecular Characterization of their Antibiotic Resistance Genes

Published on: March 3, 2023

Area of Science:

Plant immunity and epigenetics
Plant pathology and molecular biology

Background:

Systemic acquired resistance (SAR) is a crucial plant immune response.
Emerging evidence links plant immunity to chromatin remodeling and DNA methylation.
The transgenerational inheritance of plant immune memory remains largely unexplored.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the epigenetic inheritance of SAR following pathogen exposure in Arabidopsis.
To elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying transgenerational SAR, focusing on chromatin modifications and DNA methylation.
To determine the role of key defense regulators, such as NPR1, in this phenomenon.

Main Methods:

Arabidopsis thaliana were inoculated with Pseudomonas syringae pv tomato DC3000 (PstDC3000).
Progeny were analyzed for defense gene responsiveness (salicylic acid- and jasmonic acid-inducible genes) and resistance to pathogens.
Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) and DNA methylation analyses were performed on key defense-related genes.
Mutant analyses (npr1-1 and drm1drm2cmt3) were conducted to assess the roles of specific genes.

Main Results:

Progeny from PstDC3000-inoculated plants (P(1)) exhibited primed salicylic acid (SA)-inducible defenses and enhanced resistance to pathogens.
This transgenerational SAR involved altered histone modifications (H3K9ac and H3K27me3) at defense gene promoters and changes in DNA methylation.
The non expressor of PR1 (npr1)-1 mutant failed to show transgenerational SAR, highlighting NPR1's essential role.
Mutants affecting non-CpG DNA methylation mimicked the transgenerational SAR phenotype.

Conclusions:

Systemic acquired resistance (SAR) can be epigenetically inherited across generations in Arabidopsis.
Transgenerational SAR is mediated by changes in histone acetylation and methylation, and DNA hypomethylation at defense-related genes.
The NPR1 pathway is critical for the establishment and maintenance of epigenetically inherited plant immunity.