Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Regulation of Water Intake

Regulation of Water Intake

Osmolality refers to the number of solute particles per kilogram of solvent in a solution. Plasma osmolality specifically indicates the total number of solute particles per kilogram of water in blood plasma. This value reflects the body's hydration status and is tightly regulated through mechanisms controlling water intake and output. While water consumption is a conscious decision, the body has intrinsic regulatory systems to maintain fluid balance. Dehydration, a state of water deficit...

Renal Tubule and Collecting Duct

Renal Tubule and Collecting Duct

The renal tubule is divided into three parts: the proximal convoluted tubule (PCT), the Loop of Henle (LOH), and the distal convoluted tubule (DCT).
Proximal Convoluted Tubule (PCT):
The PCT is the initial segment of the renal tubule, extending from the Bowman's capsule that encloses the glomerulus. Its convoluted structure and microvilli-lined cells increase the surface area for reabsorption. The PCT reabsorbs glucose, amino acids, sodium, and water from the filtrate, ensuring essential...

Disorder of Water Balance

Disorder of Water Balance

Water balance disorders are medical conditions that occur when there is a deviation from the body's water volume or osmolarity, disrupting normal homeostasis and leading todehydration, hypotonic hydration, hyperhydration, edema, or water intoxication.
Dehydration
Dehydration occurs when the body loses fluids (particularly water).
Causes:
The major causes of dehydration include excessive sweating, fever, vomiting, diarrhea, and diuresis.
Signs and Symptoms:
Symptoms primarily include intense...

Hyperosmolar Hyperglycemic State

Hyperosmolar Hyperglycemic State

Hyperosmolar Hyperglycemic State, or HHS, is a serious and life-threatening complication of type 2 diabetes mellitus. It is characterized by three main features: severe hyperglycemia, profound dehydration, and elevated serum osmolality, all occurring without significant ketoacidosis.HHS typically develops in older adults or individuals with limited access to fluids. This may result from illness, cognitive impairment, or medications such as diuretics or corticosteroids. These factors reduce...

Diabetic Ketoacidosis ll: Pathophysiology

Diabetic Ketoacidosis ll: Pathophysiology

Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) is a metabolic emergency characterized by hyperglycemia, ketonemia, and metabolic acidosis. It results from severe insulin deficiency and an excess of counterregulatory hormones, leading to uncontrolled lipolysis, ketogenesis, and widespread electrolyte and fluid disturbances.Pathophysiology The central event in DKA is a profound loss of insulin action. Without insulin, glucose uptake in insulin-dependent tissues is impaired, while hepatic glucose production...

Hemodialysis II: Procedure and Complications

Hemodialysis II: Procedure and Complications

DialyzersA hemodialysis (HD) dialyzer is a plastic cartridge containing thousands of parallel hollow fibers, which serve as semipermeable membranes. These fibers are typically made from cellulose-based or other synthetic materials. During HD, blood is pumped into the top of the cartridge and distributed among these fibers. Simultaneously, dialysis fluid, known as dialysate, is introduced into the bottom of the cartridge, bathing the outside of the fibers. Across the semipermeable membrane,...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Bacteremia evaluation with T2 magnetic resonance in the emergency room (BETTER).

Microbiology spectrum·2026

Same author

Identifying Symptom Clusters Predictive of Acute Myocardial Infarction for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander and Non-Indigenous Australians.

Emergency medicine Australasia : EMA·2026

Same author

In reply.

Annals of emergency medicine·2026

Same author

Overview of somatization through three historical lenses and future directions.

Discover mental health·2026

Same author

The Limit of Detection in the Emergency Department Trial (LEGEND): A Stepped-Wedge Cluster Randomized Trial to Rule Out Acute Myocardial Infarction and Reduce Hospital Length of Stay for Patients Presenting to the Emergency Department.

Annals of emergency medicine·2025

Same author

Early follow-up blood cultures-frequency and outcomes of repeat blood culture collection within 48 hours of emergency department workup: an observational study.

Antimicrobial stewardship & healthcare epidemiology : ASHE·2025

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 26, 2026

Evaluation of Hydration Status by Bioelectrical Impedance Vector Analysis in Patients with Ischemic Heart Disease Undergoing Exercise Stress Test

Evaluation of Hydration Status by Bioelectrical Impedance Vector Analysis in Patients with Ischemic Heart Disease Undergoing Exercise Stress Test

Published on: September 22, 2023

Exercise-associated hyponatraemia on the Kokoda Trail.

Sean P Rothwell¹, David J Rosengren, Amanda M Rojek

¹Department of Emergency Medicine, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Herston, Queensland, Australia. sean_rothwell@health.qld.gov.au

Emergency Medicine Australasia : EMA

|December 14, 2011

Summary

Mild hyponatraemia (low sodium levels) affects trekkers on the Kokoda Trail. Excessive fluid intake, not thirst, may contribute to this condition, highlighting the need for preventative education.

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 26, 2026

Evaluation of Hydration Status by Bioelectrical Impedance Vector Analysis in Patients with Ischemic Heart Disease Undergoing Exercise Stress Test

Evaluation of Hydration Status by Bioelectrical Impedance Vector Analysis in Patients with Ischemic Heart Disease Undergoing Exercise Stress Test

Published on: September 22, 2023

Area of Science:

Exercise Physiology
Sports Medicine
Environmental Health

Background:

Exercise-associated hyponatraemia (EAH) is a potentially dangerous condition characterized by low serum sodium levels.
While EAH is recognized in endurance athletes, its prevalence in trekkers undertaking challenging, multi-day hikes is less understood.
The Kokoda Trail presents unique environmental stressors, including heat and humidity, which may influence hydration status and electrolyte balance.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the prevalence of exercise-associated hyponatraemia among individuals hiking the Kokoda Trail.
To identify potential risk factors associated with hyponatraemia in this trekking population.

Main Methods:

A cross-sectional study was conducted involving 191 trekkers on the Kokoda Trail, Papua New Guinea.
Blood samples were collected and analyzed immediately using point-of-care technology.
Samples were taken approximately two days' walk from each terminus of the trail.

Main Results:

A prevalence of 1.6% (95% CI 0.5-4.5%) for mild hyponatraemia (serum sodium < 135 mmol/L) was observed.
Participants diagnosed with hyponatraemia reported significantly higher fluid intake (median 6 L) compared to those with normal sodium levels (median 3.3 L).
This suggests a potential link between excessive fluid consumption and the development of hyponatraemia during trekking.

Conclusions:

Exercise-associated hyponatraemia is a relevant clinical finding in trekkers on the Kokoda Trail.
Preventative strategies should be implemented, emphasizing drinking based on thirst rather than arbitrary fluid intake.
Educational initiatives delivered through trekking companies can mitigate the risk of EAH in this population.