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Updated: May 26, 2026

Breathing-controlled Electrical Stimulation (BreEStim) for Management of Neuropathic Pain and Spasticity
Published on: January 10, 2013
1Department of Human Anatomy and Cell Biology, The University of Liverpool, New Medical School, Liverpool, UK, and Center for Sensory-Motor Interaction, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark.
Electrical stimulation shows promise for cardiac assist and improved bladder/bowel control. Future implantable devices may augment heart function and enhance voiding, potentially treating conditions like detrusor hyperreflexia.
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