Related Experiment Video
Updated: May 26, 2026

Point-of-Care Kidney and Genitourinary Ultrasound in Adults: Image Acquisition
Published on: June 21, 2024
[Kounis syndrome]
P Rico Cepeda1, E Palencia Herrejón, M M Rodríguez Aguirregabiria
1Servicio de Medicina Intensiva, Hospital Universitario Infanta Leonor, Madrid, España. palomarico@live.com
Abstract:
Kounis syndrome was described in 1991 by Kounis and Zavras as the coincidental occurrence of acute coronary syndromes with allergic reactions (anaphylactic or anaphylactoid). Today, allergic angina and allergic myocardial infarction are referred to as Kounis syndrome, and the latter has been reported in association with a variety of drugs, insect stings, food, environmental exposures and medical conditions, among other factors. The incidence is not known, as most of the available information comes from case reports or small case series. In this article, the clinical aspects, diagnosis, pathogenesis, related conditions and therapeutic management of the syndrome are discussed.
Related Concept Videos
Nephrotic Syndrome I : Introduction
Cushing Syndrome I: Introduction
Chronic Kidney Disease II: Clinical Manifestations
Cushing Syndrome II: Pathophysiology
Acute Coronary Syndrome II: Pathophysiology and Clinical Manifestations
Gastritis-II: Pathophysiology
In acute gastritis, the gastric mucosa becomes swollen and red and undergoes superficial erosion. Superficial ulceration may lead to bleeding.
In chronic gastritis, persistent or repeated insults lead to chronic inflammatory changes and, eventually, thinning or atrophy of the gastric tissue.
Gastritis can stem from various causes, each...