Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Second Order systems II01:18

Second Order systems II

In an underdamped second-order system, where the damping ratio ζ is between 0 and 1, a unit-step input results in a transfer function that, when transformed using the inverse Laplace method, reveals the output response. The output exhibits a damped sinusoidal oscillation, and the difference between the input and output is termed the error signal. This error signal also demonstrates damped oscillatory behavior. Eventually, as the system reaches a steady state, the error diminishes to zero.
If  ζ...
Transient and Steady-state Response01:24

Transient and Steady-state Response

In control systems, test signals are essential for evaluating performance under various conditions. The ramp function is effective for systems undergoing gradual changes, while the step function is suitable for assessing systems facing sudden disturbances. For systems subjected to shock inputs, the impulse function is the most appropriate test signal.
These test signals are integral in designing control systems to exhibit two key performance aspects: transient response and steady-state response.
First Order Systems01:21

First Order Systems

First-order systems, such as RC circuits, are foundational in understanding dynamic systems due to their straightforward input-output relationship. Analyzing their responses to different input functions under zero initial conditions reveals significant insights into system behavior.
When a first-order system is subjected to a unit-step input, its response is characterized by its transfer function. By applying the Laplace transform of the unit-step input to the transfer function, expanding the...
Stability01:28

Stability

The time response of a linear time-invariant (LTI) system can be divided into transient and steady-state responses. The transient response represents the system's initial reaction to a change in input and diminishes to zero over time. In contrast, the steady-state response is the behavior that persists after the transient effects have faded.
The stability of an LTI system is determined by the roots of its characteristic equation, known as poles. A system is stable if it produces a bounded...
Linear time-invariant Systems01:23

Linear time-invariant Systems

A system is linear if it displays the characteristics of homogeneity and additivity, together termed the superposition property. This principle is fundamental in all linear systems. Linear time-invariant (LTI) systems include systems with linear elements and constant parameters.
The input-output behavior of an LTI system can be fully defined by its response to an impulsive excitation at its input. Once this impulse response is known, the system's reaction to any other input can be calculated...
BIBO stability of continuous and discrete -time systems01:24

BIBO stability of continuous and discrete -time systems

System stability is a fundamental concept in signal processing, often assessed using convolution. For a system to be considered bounded-input bounded-output (BIBO) stable, any bounded input signal must produce a bounded output signal. A bounded input signal is one where the modulus does not exceed a certain constant at any point in time.
To determine the BIBO stability, the convolution integral is utilized when a bounded continuous-time input is applied to a Linear Time-Invariant (LTI) system.

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Failure of conservative treatment in cervical facet fractures: The impact of disc rupture in a retrospective series.

Revista espanola de cirugia ortopedica y traumatologia·2026
Same author

Failure of conservative treatment in cervical facet fractures: The impact of disc rupture in a retrospective series.

Revista espanola de cirugia ortopedica y traumatologia·2026
Same author

First Results on the Search for Lepton Number Violating Neutrinoless Double-β Decay with the LEGEND-200 Experiment.

Physical review letters·2026
Same author

Assessing the effects of long-term mining exploitation on a lacustrine system from the arid region of the Atacama Desert, Chile.

The Science of the total environment·2024
Same author

Effectiveness of thromboprophylaxis with low molecular weight heparin in critically ill patients with COVID-19. An observational prospective, multicenter study.

Revista espanola de anestesiologia y reanimacion·2023
Same author

Search for Gamma-Ray Spectral Lines from Dark Matter Annihilation up to 100 TeV toward the Galactic Center with MAGIC.

Physical review letters·2023

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 26, 2026

Design and Application of a Fault Detection Method Based on Adaptive Filters and Rotational Speed Estimation for an Electro-Hydrostatic Actuator
06:45

Design and Application of a Fault Detection Method Based on Adaptive Filters and Rotational Speed Estimation for an Electro-Hydrostatic Actuator

Published on: October 28, 2022

On-line delay estimation for stable, unstable and integrating systems under step response.

J Herrera1, A Ibeas

  • 1Departament de Telecomunicació i d’Enginyeria de Sistemes, Escola d’Enginyeria, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain. jorgeaurelio.herrera@uab.es

ISA Transactions
|December 14, 2011
PubMed
Summary

This study introduces an effective online method for estimating system delays in stable, unstable, and integrating systems. The approach simultaneously estimates and controls delays, updating them in a closed-loop system for robust performance.

More Related Videos

A Method for Tracking the Time Evolution of Steady-State Evoked Potentials
12:03

A Method for Tracking the Time Evolution of Steady-State Evoked Potentials

Published on: May 25, 2019

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 26, 2026

Design and Application of a Fault Detection Method Based on Adaptive Filters and Rotational Speed Estimation for an Electro-Hydrostatic Actuator
06:45

Design and Application of a Fault Detection Method Based on Adaptive Filters and Rotational Speed Estimation for an Electro-Hydrostatic Actuator

Published on: October 28, 2022

A Method for Tracking the Time Evolution of Steady-State Evoked Potentials
12:03

A Method for Tracking the Time Evolution of Steady-State Evoked Potentials

Published on: May 25, 2019

Area of Science:

  • Control Systems Engineering
  • Process Control
  • Automation Technology

Background:

  • Accurate delay estimation is crucial for effective control system design.
  • Traditional methods often struggle with unstable or integrating systems and require separate estimation and control phases.
  • System uncertainties, particularly time delays, significantly impact controller performance and stability.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To propose a simple, effective, and unified on-line method for estimating time delays.
  • To enable simultaneous delay estimation and control for various system types.
  • To enhance controller robustness and performance by addressing delay uncertainty.

Main Methods:

  • Development of an on-line delay estimation algorithm based on a Modified Smith Predictor.
  • Implementation of a multi-model scheme with fixed models for delay estimation.
  • Integration of delay estimation within a closed-loop control architecture for real-time updates.
  • Utilizing calculus on the output signal for nominal delay updates.

Main Results:

  • Demonstrated effectiveness of the proposed method across stable, unstable, and integrating systems.
  • Successful simultaneous estimation and control of system delays.
  • Achieved optimal and robust controller performance despite delay uncertainties.
  • Validated convergence properties of the estimation algorithm and closed-loop stability.

Conclusions:

  • The proposed on-line delay estimation method offers a simple yet powerful solution for diverse control applications.
  • Simultaneous estimation and control significantly improve system performance and robustness.
  • The Modified Smith Predictor-based approach with a multi-model scheme provides a reliable framework for handling time-delay systems.