[Factors associated with non-compliance to surgical antimicrobial prophylaxis guidelines during a prospective audit]

To assess physician compliance with guidelines for surgical antimicrobial prophylaxis practices and to identify factors associated with non-compliance.

In a prospective study of patients admitted for clean or clean contaminated surgery from February 1 to April 28, 2008, we assessed appropriateness of surgical antimicrobial prophylaxis indication (recommended and prescribed or not recommended and not prescribed) and administration (antimicrobial choice, dose, timing and duration). Overall compliance was achieved if all criteria of indication and administration were met. The overall non-compliance rate was estimated and was used as a dependent variable in a multivariate logistic regression analysis to identify factors associated with non-compliance.

In a total of 481 practices evaluated, appropriateness of indication and administration of surgical prophylaxis were respectively 83% and 56%. The overall compliance rate to guidelines for surgical antimicrobial prophylaxis was 37%. In a multivariate regression analysis, prescription of antimicrobial prophylaxis by a surgeon (RR: 3.4; CI 95%: 1.6-7.5), clean-contaminated surgery (RR: 2.2; CI 95%: 1.4-3.7), traumatology surgery (1.87; 1.1-3.3), digestive surgery (3.7; 1.8-7.5) and head or neck-related surgery (11.4; 2.3-56.3) were independent factors associated with non-compliance to guidelines for surgical antimicrobial prophylaxis.

This study confirmed previous findings on the impact of the type of surgery and the wound class contamination on the overall compliance rate. Furthermore, non-compliance was related to surgeon prescriptions. The compliance should be improved by specific measures after professional feedback.