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Related Concept Videos

Autoimmune Disorders01:29

Autoimmune Disorders

Autoimmune diseases are a group of disorders in which the body's immune system mistakenly attacks its own cells, tissues, and organs. This results from an overactive immune response against substances and tissues normally present in the body. Let's delve into the concept and mechanism of autoimmune diseases from an immune system point of view, explore different causes and examples of such diseases, and discuss potential solutions.
Concept and Mechanism of Autoimmune Diseases
The immune system...
Special Features of Adaptive Immunity01:20

Special Features of Adaptive Immunity

The adaptive immune system, a crucial component of the overall immune response, offers a highly specialized defense against pathogens. It involves specific cell types and features, enabling it to combat infections effectively and efficiently.
The primary cell types involved in adaptive immunity are T cells and B cells. Each type has a unique role in defending the body against pathogens. T cells are responsible for cell-mediated immunity. They identify and eliminate infected cells directly,...
Cell-mediated Immune Responses01:40

Cell-mediated Immune Responses

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What is the Immune System?01:38

What is the Immune System?

Overview
T Cell Types and Functions01:24

T Cell Types and Functions

When T cells with CD4 markers are activated, they give rise to two types of effector cells: helper T cells and regulatory T cells. Meanwhile, T cells with CD8 markers differentiate into effector cytotoxic T cells. The differentiation of CD4 T cells into helper T cell subsets, such as Th1, Th2, and Th17 cells, is dependent on the antigen type, antigen-presenting cell, and regulatory cytokines.
Th1 cells stimulate dendritic cells to express necessary co-stimulatory molecules on their surfaces for...
Drug toxicity: Idiosyncratic Reactions01:16

Drug toxicity: Idiosyncratic Reactions

Idiosyncratic drug reactions represent abnormal chemical responses that vary significantly among individuals, ranging from extreme sensitivity to low doses to insensitivity to high doses. These reactions often occur due to the drug's covalent binding with serum proteins, forming a foreign hapten that triggers an immunotoxicological response. The variability in drug reactions has a strong pharmacogenetic foundation, with genetic differences crucial in how individuals metabolize drugs. For...

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Interrogating Individual Autoreactive Germinal Centers by Photoactivation in a Mixed Chimeric Model of Autoimmunity
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Published on: April 11, 2019

Genes, tolerance and systemic autoimmunity.

Ram P Singh1, Richard T Waldron, Bevra H Hahn

  • 1Division of Rheumatology, and Pancreatic Research Group, VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Dept. of Medicine, David Geffen Schoolof Medicine, University of California at Los Angeles, CA 90095-1670, USA. rpsingh@mednet.ucla.edu

Autoimmunity Reviews
|December 14, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Understanding CD8(+) T cell gene regulation is key to autoimmune tolerance. This review explores how modulating these cells impacts lupus, offering insights into immune resistance and apoptosis prevention.

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Autoimmunity

Background:

  • Characterizing CD8(+) regulatory T cells and their gene regulation is vital for understanding tolerance and autoimmunity.
  • Mechanisms of immune resistance and apoptosis prevention in CD8(+) T cells are crucial for systemic autoimmunity.
  • The genetic control governing CD8(+) T regulatory cells' suppression of anti-DNA antibody production in B cells is poorly understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent findings on modulating cells from lupus-prone mice and patients for anti-inflammatory gene expression.
  • To highlight the role of selected genes induced by peptide tolerance in CD8(+) T regulatory cells.
  • To elucidate the genetic regulation underlying CD8(+) T regulatory cell function in autoimmunity.

Main Methods:

  • Gene silencing using small interfering RNA (siRNA) or short hairpin RNA (shRNA).
  • Gene overexpression via lentiviral cDNA transduction.
  • Analysis of cell-cell cross-talk, including receptor modulation and antagonism.

Main Results:

  • Modulation of cells from lupus models confers protective gene expression and novel phenotypes.
  • Identification of specific genes involved in CD8(+) T regulatory cell function.
  • Insights into gene-protein interactions and synergistic effects in immune regulation.

Conclusions:

  • Understanding CD8(+) T regulatory cell gene function is critical for developing tolerance-based therapies.
  • Targeting specific genes can confer anti-inflammatory properties and protect against autoimmune diseases like lupus.
  • Further research into regulatory networks is essential for delineating CD8(+) T cell roles in immunity and tolerance.