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New insights into pathogenesis of exercise-induced bronchoconstriction
1Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA. tealh@uw.edu
Current Opinion in Allergy and Clinical Immunology
|December 14, 2011
Summary
Exercise-induced bronchoconstriction (EIB) is linked to increased inflammatory eicosanoids. The airway epithelium plays a key role in regulating leukocyte production of these mediators, advancing our understanding of EIB pathogenesis.
Area of Science:
- Respiratory Medicine
- Immunology
- Pathophysiology
Background:
- Exercise-induced bronchoconstriction (EIB) is acute airflow obstruction post-exertion.
- Early airway hyper-responsiveness predicts persistent asthma.
Purpose of the Study:
- Review recent findings on EIB epidemiology.
- Explore EIB immunopathology and pathogenesis.
- Update understanding of EIB mechanisms.
Main Methods:
- Literature review of recent studies on EIB.
- Analysis of epidemiological data.
- Examination of immunopathological pathways.
Main Results:
- Epithelial disruption and elevated cysteinyl leukotrienes (CysLTs) characterize susceptible individuals.
- Leukocytes, including mast cells and eosinophils, produce eicosanoids.
- Secreted phospholipase A2 (sPLA2) and Transglutaminase 2 (TGM2) are implicated in eicosanoid synthesis.
Conclusions:
- EIB is a syndrome driven by increased inflammatory eicosanoid production.
- The airway epithelium is a crucial regulator of leukocyte-mediated eicosanoid synthesis.
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