Related Experiment Video
Updated: May 26, 2026
08:46
A Protocol for Rapid Post-mortem Cell Culture of Diffuse Intrinsic Pontine Glioma (DIPG)
Published on: March 7, 2017
The latest on IgG4-RD: a rapidly emerging disease
Mollie N Carruthers1, John H Stone, Arezou Khosroshahi
1Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Rheumatology Unit, Allergy and Immunology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA.
Current Opinion in Rheumatology
|December 14, 2011
Summary
Developments in IgG4-related disease (IgG4-RD) include expanding the disease spectrum and refining diagnostic criteria. Recognizing IgG4-RD manifestations is key for accurate diagnosis and treatment.
Area of Science:
- Immunology
- Rheumatology
- Pathology
Background:
- IgG4-related disease (IgG4-RD) is a fibroinflammatory condition with diverse clinical presentations.
- Recent years have seen significant advancements in understanding IgG4-RD.
- Accurate diagnosis remains a challenge due to its varied manifestations.
Purpose of the Study:
- To provide an update on recent developments in IgG4-related disease (IgG4-RD).
- Focus on changes in nomenclature, diagnostic criteria, and clinical features.
- Highlight the expanding spectrum of associated conditions.
Main Methods:
- Review of recent literature on IgG4-related disease (IgG4-RD).
- Analysis of emerging data on nomenclature and diagnostic criteria.
- Synthesis of clinical features and newly associated conditions.
Main Results:
- The spectrum of diseases associated with IgG4-RD continues to expand.
- Idiopathic orbital inflammation, sclerosing mesenteritis, and membranous glomerulonephritis are among newly recognized entities.
- Significant progress has been made in refining nomenclature and diagnostic criteria for IgG4-RD.
Conclusions:
- Diagnosing IgG4-related disease (IgG4-RD) remains complex.
- Increased recognition has led to extensive literature on organ involvement.
- Understanding disease manifestations is crucial for diagnosis and effective treatment.
Related Concept Videos
01:25Inflammatory Bowel Disease III: Crohn's Disease
Crohn’s disease is a chronic, relapsing form of inflammatory bowel disease characterized by segmental, transmural inflammation that can affect any part of the gastrointestinal tract. Its pathogenesis arises from a combination of genetic susceptibility, environmental exposures, epithelial barrier dysfunction, and immune dysregulation. Together, these factors lead to an exaggerated immune response against components of the gut microbiome.Genetic and Environmental InfluencesMultiple genetic...
01:20Inflammatory Bowel Disease IV: Clinical Manifestations
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) encompasses two major chronic disorders—ulcerative colitis and Crohn’s disease—each characterized by relapsing episodes of gastrointestinal inflammation. Although they share certain clinical features, their patterns of involvement and manifestations differ in ways that aid diagnosis and guide management.Ulcerative ColitisUlcerative colitis is limited to the colon and rectum and involves continuous inflammation of the mucosal layer. The disease course is marked...
01:26Inflammatory Bowel Disease I: Introduction
Inflammatory bowel disease is a group of chronic disorders marked by recurrent inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract due to an abnormal immune response against gut microflora. This leads to tissue damage. The two main forms are Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis.Crohn’s DiseaseCrohn’s disease is a relapsing inflammatory disorder that can affect any part of the GI tract, from the mouth to the anus. It involves all layers of the bowel wall (transmural) and shows “skip lesions” in which...
01:30Inflammatory Bowel Disease II: Crohn's Disease
Introduction
Inflammatory bowel disease, commonly known as IBD, refers to a collection of disorders that lead to persistent inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract. The two types of IBD are ulcerative colitis, which impacts the colon, and Crohn's disease, which can involve any part of the gastrointestinal segment.
Crohn's disease
Crohn's disease is a chronic, systemic inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) that predominantly affects the gastrointestinal tract. It is marked by transmural...
Inflammatory bowel disease, commonly known as IBD, refers to a collection of disorders that lead to persistent inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract. The two types of IBD are ulcerative colitis, which impacts the colon, and Crohn's disease, which can involve any part of the gastrointestinal segment.
Crohn's disease
Crohn's disease is a chronic, systemic inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) that predominantly affects the gastrointestinal tract. It is marked by transmural...
01:23Rheumatic Heart Disease I: Introduction
Rheumatic heart disease or RHD is a chronic condition that results from rheumatic fever, causing permanent damage to the heart valves.Etiology and Risk FactorsIt primarily arises from rheumatic fever, an inflammatory disease that can develop after untreated or inadequately treated group A streptococcal (GAS) pharyngitis. Streptococcus spreads through direct contact with oral or respiratory secretions. While the bacteria are the causative agents, factors like malnutrition, overcrowding, poor...
01:27Inflammatory Bowel Disease I: Ulcerative Colitis
Introduction
Inflammatory bowel disease, or IBD, encompasses a group of disorders characterized by chronic inflammation or ulceration of the gastrointestinal tract.
Risk Factors
The exact cause of IBD remains unclear, although it is believed to be due to a mix of genetic, environmental, microbial, and immune factors. Genetic factors are significant in determining susceptibility to IBD, with family history being a critical risk factor. Individuals with a first-degree relative who has IBD are at...
Inflammatory bowel disease, or IBD, encompasses a group of disorders characterized by chronic inflammation or ulceration of the gastrointestinal tract.
Risk Factors
The exact cause of IBD remains unclear, although it is believed to be due to a mix of genetic, environmental, microbial, and immune factors. Genetic factors are significant in determining susceptibility to IBD, with family history being a critical risk factor. Individuals with a first-degree relative who has IBD are at...