An introduction to model-independent diffusion magnetic resonance imaging

Area of Science:

• Neuroimaging
• Diffusion MRI
• Computational Neuroscience

Background:

• q-Space-based techniques, including diffusion spectrum imaging (DSI) and q-ball imaging (QBI), excel at resolving complex neuronal architectures.
• These methods are crucial for visualizing intricate structures like multiple fiber crossings within individual image voxels.

Purpose of the Study:

• To introduce the fundamental q-space formalism and core q-space imaging principles.
• To discuss the benefits and obstacles associated with translating these advanced neuroimaging techniques into clinical practice.
• To review existing q-space-based protocols employed in current clinical research.

Main Methods:

• Review of established q-space formalisms and diffusion MRI principles.
• Analysis of technical advantages and clinical translation challenges.
• Survey of current q-space-based imaging protocols in clinical research settings.

Main Results:

• Delineation of complex neuronal architectures, such as multiple fiber crossings, is a key capability.
• Significant challenges exist in the clinical translation of these advanced research techniques.
• Various q-space-based protocols are currently utilized within clinical research.

Conclusions:

• q-Space techniques provide unparalleled insight into brain microstructure.
• Bridging the gap between research applications and routine clinical use requires addressing specific challenges.
• Ongoing research continues to refine and apply these powerful neuroimaging tools.