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Cancers Originate from Somatic Mutations in a Single Cell02:21

Cancers Originate from Somatic Mutations in a Single Cell

Cancer arises from mutations in the critical genes that allow healthy cells to escape cell cycle regulation and acquire the ability to proliferate indefinitely. Though originating from a single mutation event in one of the originator cells, cancer progresses when the mutant cell lines continue to gain more and more mutations, and finally, become malignant. For example, chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) develops initially as a non-lethal increase in white blood cells, which progressively...
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Tumor Progression

Tumor progression is a phenomenon where the pre-formed tumor acquires successive mutations to become clinically more aggressive and malignant. In the 1950s, Foulds first described the stepwise progression of cancer cells through successive stages.
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Secondary Lymphoid Organs

Secondary organs, including lymph nodes, the spleen, and mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT), work harmoniously to protect us from disease and infection.
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Primary Lymphoid Organs01:16

Primary Lymphoid Organs

Primary lymphoid organs are pivotal in the formation, development, and maturation of lymphocytes, the white blood cells that serve as the backbone of our immune system. This crucial function underscores their fundamental role in maintaining our overall health and immunity. The two primary lymphoid organs of prime importance are the red bone marrow and the thymus.
The red bone marrow is a soft, spongy tissue nestled in the interior of long bones such as the humerus and femur. It is the site...
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Updated: May 26, 2026

Competing-Risk Nomogram for Predicting Cancer-Specific Survival in Multiple Primary Colorectal Cancer Patients after Surgery
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Competing-Risk Nomogram for Predicting Cancer-Specific Survival in Multiple Primary Colorectal Cancer Patients after Surgery

Published on: September 27, 2024

Multiple synchronous primary tumours in a single lobe.

Amir H Sepehripour1, Abdul Nasir, Rajesh Shah

  • 1Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Wythenshawe Hospital, Southmoor Road, Manchester M23 9LT, UK. amir.sepehripour@gmail.com

Interactive Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery
|December 14, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This case study details a 70-year-old man with three distinct primary lung cancers in one lobe. Surgical intervention and updated staging criteria allowed for potential curative treatment.

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Thoracoscopic Extended Right Middle Plus Lower Sleeve Lobectomy for Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer
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Competing-Risk Nomogram for Predicting Cancer-Specific Survival in Multiple Primary Colorectal Cancer Patients after Surgery
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Thoracoscopic Extended Right Middle Plus Lower Sleeve Lobectomy for Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer
11:17

Thoracoscopic Extended Right Middle Plus Lower Sleeve Lobectomy for Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer

Published on: February 27, 2026

Area of Science:

  • Thoracic Surgery
  • Oncology
  • Pulmonology

Background:

  • Synchronous primary lung tumors are rare, presenting diagnostic and therapeutic challenges.
  • Accurate tumor staging is critical for guiding treatment decisions in lung cancer management.

Observation:

  • A 70-year-old male presented with cough, dyspnea, and abdominal pain.
  • Radiology identified three distinct hypermetabolic lesions in the right upper lobe.
  • Histopathology revealed undifferentiated squamous cell carcinoma, adenocarcinoma, and atypical adenomatous hyperplasia.

Findings:

  • The patient underwent successful thoracoscopic right upper lobectomy for three synchronous primary lung tumors.
  • Histological confirmation of multiple distinct tumor types within the same lobe.
  • Reclassification of tumor-node-metastasis staging criteria impacted the patient's tumor classification.

Implications:

  • Accurate staging is crucial for determining surgical candidacy in complex lung cancer cases.
  • This case highlights the importance of thorough pathological evaluation for synchronous primary lung malignancies.
  • Updated staging guidelines may facilitate surgical management for patients previously considered inoperable.